Transcript BIOSPHERE Chapter 3 - local.brookings.k12.sd.us

http://www.mark-ju.net/wildlife/images/monkey03.jpg
http://www.dimijianimages.com/Aggression-defense-page4/vultures.jpg
WAYS ORGANISMS
INTERACT
4-2
http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif
http://www.uark.edu/depts/agripub/Publications/Agnews/mosquito.jpg
Ways organisms interact
______________________
Between SAME and DIFFERENT kinds of organisms
Compete with each other for available resources
__________________________
Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms
Hunt and kill other organisms to supply their energy needs
__________________________
Between SAME kind of organisms
Live together and help each other
__________________________
Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms
live in close association with another kind of organism
WHAT IS A RESOURCE?
____________________________________________
Examples:
________________________
COMPETITION
Organisms in an ecosystem have to
compete with each other for available
resources.
http://www.knology.net/~sgoswald/Eating.jpg
http://www.harcourtschool.com/glossary/science/images/gr3/community3.jpg
COMPETITION
Organisms in an ecosystem have to
compete with each other for available
resources:
http://www.dpiw.tas.gov.au/inter.nsf/Images/LBUN-5K538R/$File/fox_adultandcub.jpg
http://www.gdccc.org/Records/EOY2004/NSEOY.htm
COMPETITION
Organisms in an ecosystem have to
compete with each other for available
resources
http://www.wasatchcomputers.net/gallery/elk_fight.jpg
http://www.biocrawler.com/w/images/thumb/3/34/200px-Peacock_courting_peahen.jpg
COMPETITION
Organisms in an ecosystem have to
compete with each other for available
resources:
http://www.elise.com/weblog/photos/prairie-dogs.jpg
Prairie dogs - 5 to 35 per acre
Mountain lion- 1 male per 50-300 sq. mi
http://www.rilanationalpark.org/gr.phtml?dir=../../pictures/in_text&img=/65_1180.jpg
COMPETITION
Organisms in an ecosystem have to
compete with each other for available
resources:
http://vilenski.org/science/safari/cellstructure/chloroplasts.html
http://www.csjbacau.ro/gallery/images/Beech%20Tree%20Forest%20in%20Slanic%20Moldova.jpg
Ways organisms interact
___________________
Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms
Hunt and kill other organisms to supply
their energy needs
http://www.epa.gov/region5/superfund/ecology/images/fishcartoon.gif
PREDATION
Organisms in an ecosystem that capture
and eat other organisms to supply their
energy needs
http://personal.ecu.edu/wuenschk/rabbit-wolf.gif
http://www.aphis.usda.gov/lpa/pubs/images/wspred_6.jpg
INTERDEPENDENCE
All living and non-living things in an
ecosystem are interconnected and changing
even one thing impacts the whole ecosystem.
When one tugs at a single thing in nature,
he finds it attached to the rest of the world.
~John Muir, naturalist, Sierra Club founder
COMPETITION
If resources are scarce, some organisms
will starve and populations will decrease.
If resources become more plentiful,
populations will increase.
Competition in nature often results
in a winner and a loser
. . . with the loser failing to survive!
If a nutrient is in _____________
OR __________________
it will LIMIT the growth of the
population
= _____________
During this drought,
there was not enough food
available and many kangaroos
starved.
http://www.wspa-international.org/exhibition/gallery/large_DeadKenyan%20droughtSPANA.jpg
REMEMBER: EVERYTHING IS CONNECTED !
BIOLOGY; MIller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
A decrease in the prey population means some predators will starve.
Fewer predators mean prey population will increase.
Increase in prey means more food for predators.
Predator population will increase until there is not enough food . . .
and the cycle repeats itself.
LIMITING NUTRIENT
The short
supply of a
limiting
nutrient keeps
the population
in check.
http://www.greenfacts.org/images/glossary/algae-bloom.jpg
When an ecosystem receives a LARGE input
of limiting nutrient (ie.,fertilizer runoff) the
population increases dramatically = ___________
Ways organisms interact
__________________
Between SAME kind of organisms
Live together and help each other
http://www.mark-ju.net/wildlife/images/monkey03.jpg
COOPERATION
Same species live together in groups
EX: herds, packs, colonies, families, etc
Share food &
childcare responsibilities
Groom each other
Take care of sick
http://www.kenyatravelideas.com/african-elephants.html
http://www.sphoto.com/medium/meercats37.jpg
http://people.uleth.ca/~d.rendall/groom4.jpg
COOPERATION
Same species live together in groups
EX: herds, packs, colonies, families, etc
Hunt in packs
Provide protection
http://www.knology.net/~sgoswald/Eating.jpg
http://rosswarner.com/zebras1.jpg
Ways organisms interact
__________________________
Between DIFFERENT kinds of organisms
Live in close association with another kind
of organism
http://www.zahnersatz.com/english/library/symbiosis.jpg
3 KINDS of SYMBIOSIS
______________________
Both organisms benefit
______________________
One organism benefits;
Other is neither harmed nor helped
_____________________
One organism benefits;
Other is harmed in some way
MUTUALISM
“Good for me - Good for you”
Birds eat parasites living
on the hides of giraffes and
rhinos while enjoying
protection from predators.
Groomed animals lose their
pests.
http://www.imbt.org/science.htm
http://www.hugheshome.net/jon/africa02/images/rhino_bird_JPG.jpg
MUTUALISM
“Good for me - Good for you”
Insects transfer pollen
between plants as they
gather nectar for food.
http://www.providence.edu/bio/faculty/adams/LECTUREProvCollegeMutualism.html
http://www.yksd.com/DistanceEdCourses/YKSDbiology/lessons/SecondQuarterLessons/Chapter5/5-5/images/3-way-mutualism.jpg
MUTUALISM
“Good for me - Good for you”
Clown fish gets protection from enemies
by hiding out in poisonous sea anemones
Sea anemone gets
scraps of leftover
food dropped
by fish
http://www.zahnersatz.com/english/library/symbiosis.jpg
COMMENSALISM
“Good for me - Doesn’t bother you”
http://www.geology.wmich.edu/gillespie/g322/Chapters/C16shark.gif
Pilot fish receive scraps of food dropped by shark;
Shark is neither harmed nor helped
COMMENSALISM
“Good for me - Doesn’t bother you”
http://www.abyssal.com/meeks/images/hermit_crab.jpg
Hermit crabs make homes in shells abandoned by snails;
Snail is not harmed by crab
PARASITISM
“Good for me - Hurts you”
http://www.geology.wmich.edu/gillespie/g322/Chapters/C16parasitism.whale.gif
Barnacles are crustaceans that attach to the surface of whales
and feed on their skin and fluids; Whale is harmed
PARASITISM
“Good for me - Hurts you”
http://www.dogbreedinfo.com/guineafowltickphotos.htm
Tick feeds on dog’s blood;
Dog has discomfort, can get diseases/infection from bite
PARASITISM
“Good for me - Hurts you”
Tapeworms absorb
food by living inside
host intestine;
host is harmed
http://www.biology.ucok.edu/AnimalBiology/Platyhelminthes/tapeworms.jpg
http://www.animationlibrary.com/search/?keywords=recycle
BIOGEOCHEMICAL
CYCLES
3-3
See a video clip about
CYCLES IN NATURE - Chap 3
http://mff.dsisd.net/Environment/Cycles.htm
ENERGY & MATTER
Energy is not the only thing
that moves through the ecosystem.
Atoms are never destroyed . . . only
transformed.
Take a deep breath.
The atoms you just
inhaled may have been
inhaled by a dinosaur
millions of years ago.
http://educ.queensu.ca/~fmc/august2004/pages/dinobreath.html
4 ATOMS make up 95% of the
body in most organisms
OXYGEN
CARBON
HYDROGEN
NITROGEN
The same molecules are passed around
again and again within the biosphere in
___________________________
WATER CYCLE
= ___________________
http://www.urbanrivers.org/water_cycle.html
WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT?
Makes up 60-70% of your body
Oxygen and Hydrogen are found in all the
________________________:
carbohydrates, proteins,
nucleic acids, lipids
Hydrogen in H2O supplies
protons (H+) & electrons
for_______________
http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm
WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT?
Water is a good _________________
Many molecules dissolve in water so it
provides a place for chemical reactions
to happen
Water doesn’t change temperature easily so it helps
with
__________________
http://www.lsbu.ac.uk/water/molecule.htm
WATER CYCLE
__________
_____________
http://www.radio-canada.ca/jeunesse/fd6/000_images/cat/c_buee_c.gif
http://www.css.cornell.edu/faculty/hmv1/watrshed/Etrans.htm
The evaporation of water from the surface of plant
leaves
= ________________
The return of water to
the surface in the form of
rain, snow, sleet, hail, etc.
= ____________________
Image edited from: http://www.cotf.edu/ete/modules/msese/earthsysflr/water.html
WATER CYCLE
PH ONLINE LINK
Put in code: cbp-2033 Choose Start
CARBON CYCLE
CO2 in
atmosphere
CO2 in
ocean
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
4 main CARBON reservoirs
in BIOSPHERE
1.In ____________ as CO2 gas
2.In _______ as dissolved CO2 gas
3.On _______ in organisms, rocks, soil
4.__________ as coal & petroleum (fossil fuels) and
calcium carbonate in rocks
CO2 in
atmosphere
CO2 in
Ocean
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?
Found in all the _______________ of cells:
carbohydrates, proteins,
nucleic acids, lipids
Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
WHY IS CARBON IMPORTANT?
Carbon in CO2 provides the atoms for
__________ production during
__________________...
the fuel that all living things depend on.
http://www.science.siu.edu/plant-biology/PLB117/JPEGs%20CD/0076.JPG
http://www.biologyclass.net/mitochondria.jpg
NITROGEN CYCLE
Section 3-3
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
WHY IS NITROGEN
IMPORTANT?
________________ make DNA and RNA
Adenine (nitrogen base) is used in ______
Makes AMINO part of _________ (proteins)
Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
Image by Riedell
79% of the atmosphere is made
up of NITROGEN gas (N2)
BUT we _____ use the nitrogen gas
we breathe!
The bond in N2 gas is so
strong it can only be broken by
_______________
_______________
____________________
Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
Image by Riedell
Bacteria that live ______________
and in _________ relationships with
plants called _________, take
nitrogen from the atmosphere and
turn it into ______________, a form
that is usable by plants.
THIS PROCESS
IS CALLED
_________________
http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/images/101nodules21.gif
Other bacteria in the soil convert
ammonia into ________________
& _________________
which plants can also use.
The nitrogen we need for proteins,
ATP, and nucleic acids comes from
the ___________
___________
we breathe!
Image from: http://www.utdallas.edu/images/departments/biology/misc/gonzalez-image.jpg
and http://www.cibike.org/CartoonEating.gif
modified by Riedell
NITROGEN CYCLE
Section 3-3
N2 in Atmosphere
NO3and NO2-
NH3
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
Bacteria that live ______________
also carry out the reverse process
___________ → _____________.
THIS PROCESS
IS CALLED
_________________
Image from: Pearson Education Inc; Publishing as Pearson Prentice Hall
PHOSPHORUS CYCLE
Producers absorb
phosphate from
soil and water
Weathering wears
away rocks and
sediments and
releases phosphate
into soil and water
Sediments form “new land”
to complete cycle
Phosphate moves
through food web
Phosphate returns to
soil and water from
waste or decomposition
Phosphorus cycle
is only biogeochemical
cycle that does
NOT cycle through the
______________
BIOLOGY; Miller and Levine; Prentice Hall; 2006
WHY IS PHOSPHORUS
IMPORTANT?
Makes __________________
__________________ as ATP
Makes _____________for cell membranes
Image by Riedell
http://web.jjay.cuny.edu/~acarpi/NSC/12-dna.htm
Image by Riedell