Transcript Enzymes

ENZYME STRUCTURE
• Enzymes are proteins found
in cells
• Like all proteins, they are
made out of amino acids
• The most important part of
an enzyme is its ACTIVE SITE
 The active site is the area
where the substrate bonds
• (A substrate is the stuff that
is used in a reaction)
ENZYMES TURN SUBSTRATES INTO PRODUCTS
FUNCTION OF ENZYMES
• A catalyst is anything that makes a reaction go
faster
• Heat is the best catalyst but it would kill our cells!
• An enzyme is a catalyst made out of protein
• When a chemical reaction is helped by an enzyme,
the enzyme is not changed or used up. When the
job is done, the enzyme will still be there, ready to
be used again.
ENZYMES ARE SPECIFIC
• Every enzyme can only be used for one
reaction. Each one can only bond with one
substrate
• So every time you have a new substrate, you
need a new enzyme
• This is called being SUBSTRATE SPECIFIC
http://www.dnatube.com/video/4999/EnzymeAnimation
DISCOVERY CHANNEL VIDEO
Review from EPS….. (or the video won’t make sense!)
Exergonic: a reaction that gives off energy
• (the reactants have more energy in their bonds
than the products)
Endergonic: a reaction that needs energy
• (the reactants have less energy in their bonds than
the products)
http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/28733-assignment-discovery-enzymecatalysts-video.htm
BREAKERS AND BUILDERS
Some enzymes
break down
molecules into
smaller pieces
Some enzymes
create large
molecules by
joining smaller ones
Like in digesting
your food
Like when you build
muscle or a plant
makes sugar
NAME THE PARTS:
ACTIVITY OF ENZYMES
• When an enzyme is doing its best job, that is called
it’s optimum
• Many things can affect how good an enzyme is at
doing it’s job.
 Heat (too much or too little)
 pH and/or salts (interfere with the chemical bonds of the
enzyme and change its shape)
 Even things like enough vitamins and minerals in your
diet (not enough makes enzymes work slower)
 http://lpscience.fatcow.com/jwanamaker/animati
ons/Enzyme%20activity.html