Transcript Using enzymes in industrial processes

Quick Quiz (In back of book)
1. What is the enzyme that breaks down fats called?
2. What does protease enzyme break proteins down
into?
3. What are the 2 roles of bile?
4. What is the optimum pH for enzymes in the
stomach to work at?
5. What is the role of the small intestine in digestion?
Enzymes in Industry
Learning Objectives:
• How do biological detergents work?
• How are enzymes used in industry?
What are enzymes used for in industry?
• Biological washing powders
• Making soft centered
chocolates
• Pre-digesting baby food so
babies can eat it more easily
• Making diet foods
How do you make a soft gooey center?
• The chocolate is poured over
a solid mixture which
contains sucrase
• Sucrase (enzyme) breaks
down the sucrose into glucose
and fructose
Baby foods:
Proteases are used to
pre-digest some of the
protein in the food.
Now the babies
digestive system can
cope with it better and
they can get the amino
acids they need from
food
Carbohydrates are used
to convert starch into
glucose syrup.
Starch is very cheap as it
is made by plants like
Corn. Therefore using
enzymes to convert plant
starch into sweet sugar is
a cheap source of
sweetness
It is also used for the process of making fuel from plants
Choices
Glucose syrup is then converted into
fructose syrup by Isomerase's enzyme
Glucose and fructose contain exactly the
same amount of energy but fructose is
much sweeter therefore much smaller
amounts of it are needed to make food
taste sweet so is a good diet choice.
Isomerase used in diet industry
Washing powders-Biological detergents
In the past, people boiled and scrubbed
clothes to get them clean
Now…use biological detergents
Contain proteases and lipases
Break down grime, sweat etc
Work at quite low temperatures
What would happen if the enzymes were
boiled?
Why are they more environmentally
friendly?
How do washing powders work?
Immobilising Enzymes
• Enzymes are expensive.
• To save money they can be
immobilized.
• This means that they can be
filtered from the product and
used again.
Advantages and disadvantages
of using enzymes
High temperatures and pressures often needed for
chemical reactions. Enzymes lower this as speed up
reactions at quite low temperatures and pressures
Enzymes are sensitive to surroundings. If you change the
pH or temp, they may not work. It costs money to control
conditions
Make a poster explaining the uses of
enzymes in industry
Include:
Baby food
Washing powders-biological detergents
Making sugar syrup
Making diet foods
Making chocolates with soft fillings
Complete the worksheet
Catalyze or speed up reactions
Allow reactions to occur at the same rate at lower temperatures
Less energy is used to run the industrial plant
Less warm waste materials
•Sweet production
•Pre-digest baby food
•Fruit juice
•Tenderizing meat
Prevents the enzymes being denatured by the higher temperatures
Cannot wash at high temperatures, HIGH COST
Expensive
Re-use
soluble
liquids
Non-reactive
immobilized