Transcript Organic Macromolecules

Organic Macromolecules
Big molecules found in living things…containing Carbon
Organic
macromolecule
Carbohydrates
4 calories per gram
Proteins
monomer
polymer
Glucose
molecules
Sugars, starch
and cellulose
Amino acids
Glycerol and
fatty acids
Structural
proteins and
enzymes
Fats, oils,
waxes, sterols
nucleotides
DNA, RNA
4 calories per gram
Lipids
9 calories per gram
Nucleic acids
“You are what you eat”
• We are made of:
1. Proteins
2. Lipids
3. Carbohydrates
4. Minerals
5. Water
The Food Pyramid…the idea
of the food pyramid still holds
true however the new food
pyramid is different. It has
been redesigned.
The Traditional Food Pyramid
The NEW Food Pyramid
Organic Macromolecule polymer name:
Proteins
Made from monomers of :
Amino acids
Types:
Structural and functional (enzymes)
Examples:
Structural membrane proteins
Enzymes – amylase breaks amylose
Organic Macromolecule polymer name :
Protein
Calories or energy value:
4 calories per gram
Purpose or Role:
•Membrane channels
•Enzymes are proteins that act as catalysts and
control chemical reactions
Organic Macromolecule polymer name :
Proteins
Testing reagent or procedure:
Biuret
Negative test result:
Solution stays a blue color
Positive test result:
Solution turn pinkish lavender purple in
presence of proteins
Test for proteins
Organic Macromolecule polymer name :
Lipids
Made From:
Fatty acid chains and glycerol
Types:
Fats, oils, waxes and sterols
Examples:
Fats: beef, pork lard, chicken
Oils: olive, corn, safflower, soy
Wax: bees wax, ear wax and sebaceous
secretions
Organic Macromolecule polymer name :
Lipids
Calories or energy value:
9 calories per gram
Purpose or Role:
Contains high amounts of stored energy
Lubrication of skin
Cell membranes
Organic Macromolecule polymer name :
Lipids
Testing reagent or procedure:
1. Paper – smear sample and observe
2. Sudan IV
Negative test result:
1. Liquid fully dries and evaporates from
paper
2. No color change in water
Positive test result:
1. Fats and oils make paper appear
translucent
2. Sudan IV stains fats and oils reddish pink
Fat Molecule
Trans Fat Molecule
A SATURATED FAT
POLY UNSATURATED FAT
Carbohydrates
• Includes:
– Sugars
– Starch
– Cellulose
– Why are all of the sugars, starches and
cellulose considered to be Carbohydrates?
Mono - Di - Poly
Organic Macromolecule polymer name :
Simple Carbohydrates - sugars
Made From:
Monosaccharides - Glucose molecules
Types:
Sugars
Examples:
Glucose, sucrose, fructose, lactose, maltose.
Galactose, xylose, ribose, deoxyribose, Lyxose
, Arabinose,
Organic Macromolecule polymer name :
Simple Carbohydrates - sugars
Calories or energy value:
4 calories per gram
Purpose or Role:
Body’s first choice for energy consumption
Organic Macromolecule polymer name :
Simple Carbohydrates - sugars
Testing reagent or procedure:
Benedicts solution then into a hot water bath
Negative test result:
Solution stays blue
Positive test result:
Solution turns a burnt (UT longhorn) orange
color
Test for simple
sugars
Some samples of - oses
• Trioses Ketotriose (Dihydroxyacetone) | Aldotriose
(Glyceraldehyde)
• Tetroses Ketotetrose (Erythrulose) | Aldotetroses
(Erythrose, Threose)
• Pentoses Ketopentose (Ribulose, Xylulose) Aldopentose
(Ribose, Arabinose, Xylose, Lyxose)
• Deoxy sugar (Deoxyribose)
• Hexoses Ketohexose (Psicose, Fructose, Sorbose,
Tagatose) Aldohexose (Allose, Altrose, Glucose,
Mannose, Gulose, Idose, Galactose, Talose)
• Deoxy sugar (Fucose, Fuculose,
Rhamnose)HeptoseSedoheptulose
Simple Sugars
Organic Macromolecule polymer name :
Starches - Complex Carbohydrates
Made From:
Glucose molecules
Types:
Starch and cellulose
Examples:
Maltose, cornstarch, starchy foods
Organic Macromolecule polymer name :
Complex Carbohydrates
Calories or energy value:
4 calories per gram
Purpose or Role:
Lasting energy…still the body’s choice for
energy before using proteins or lipids
Organic Macromolecule polymer name :
Complex Carbohydrates
Testing reagent or procedure:
Iodine
Negative test result:
Solution or sample stays an amber color
Positive test result:
Solution or sample turns purplish blue/black
Test for starch
Starchy Foods
Organic Macromolecule polymer name :
Nucleic acids
Made From:
nucleotides
Types:
DNA &
RNA
Purpose or Role:
Carries and transfers hereditary information
and allows the cells to manufacture other
organic compounds
The 4 Bases found in DNA
The 4 Bases found in DNA as Nucleotides
Assisting Molecules
to the Organic Macromolecules:
Vitamins & Minerals
Made From:
rocks & minerals from the earth
Types & examples:
Vitamins - B12, A, E, C
Minerals - Ca, Cu, Zn, Mg
Assisting Molecules
to the Organic Macromolecules:
Vitamins & Minerals
Calories or energy value:
O calories ..none…nada
Purpose or Role
act as co-enzymes, helping cells with chemical
reactions in metabolism and homeostasis
Assisting Molecules
to the Organic Macromolecules:
WATER
Made From:
hydrogen, oxygen
Calories or energy value:
O calories, zilch, zip, nada
Purpose or Role:
universal solvent for solutions in living cells. It
dissolves substances due to it’s polar nature
THE WATER CYCLE
WATER
WATER SLIDE SHOW