Transcript WATER, ELECTROLYTE AND ACID/BASE BALANCE

BALANCE=?
HOMEOSTASIS
SO WATER GAINED=?
HOW DOES WATER BALANCE GO
ALONG WITH ELECTROLYTE
BALANCE?
HEATSTROKE?
WHO’S MORE SUSCEPTIBLE AND
WHY?
WHY IS WATER IMPORTANT?
www.tubspike.com
DISTRIBUTION OF BODY
FLUIDS
COMPARTMENTS
ARE FEMALES OR MALES HIGHER?
WHY?
TYPES OF COMPARTMENTS?
INTRACELLULAR?
MOST/63%
EXTRACELLULAR?
INTERSTITIAL FLUID, PLASMA, LYMPH,
TRANSCELLULAR
37%
TRANSCELLULAR?
CSF, AQUEOUS AND VITREOUS
HUMOR,SYNOVIAL FLUID, SEROUS
FLUID, EXOCRINE SECRETIONS
INTRA:
HIGH: ?
K, PO4,Mg, SO4, PROTEINS
(MORE THAN PLASMA)
LOW:
Na, Cl, BICARBONATE,
SO WHAT WOULD EXTRACELLULAR
FLUID (INTERSTITIAL) BE?
SO WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF WE
LOST WATER FROM THE CELLS?
WORKSHEET
WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF WE LOST
WATER FROM THE
EXTRACELLLULAR FLUID?
MOVEMENT OF FLUIDS
WHAT 2 FORCES CONTROL
MOVEMENT ?(THINK NEPHRON)
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE?
COLLOID OSMOTIC PRESSURE?
WHERE HAVE WE SEEN IT ALREADY ?
HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE USUALLY
EQUAL
MOST WATER MOVEMENT DUE TO
OSMOTIC PRESSURE DUE TO
IMPERMEABLE SOLUTES
EX: IF Na DECREASES OUTSIDE CAUSES
H2O TO ?
ENTER CELL
CAPILLARY BED DIFFUSION
http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=MOVEMENT+OF+SOLUTES+AT+CAPILLARY+BED
BODY FLUID COMPOSITION
COMPARISON
EXTRA:
HIGH:
Na, Cl, Ca, BICARBONATE,
LOW:
K, Mg, PO4, SO4
BLOOD PLASMA: MORE PROTEIN
WHY?
WATER BALANCE
HOMEOSTASIS
IN = OUT
http://dalilaubillus.girlshopes.com/calculatingintakeandoutput
REGULATION OF INTAKE
WHEN DO YOU DRINK?
THIRST CENTER: HYPOTHALAMUS
STEPS:
H2O DECREASES
OSMOTIC PRESSURE __________________
_____________________ FLUIDS INCREASE
________RECEPTORS STIMULATED IN THIRST CENTER
FEEL __________________
DRY MOUTH BECAUSE?
WHEN IS THE REFLEX STIMULATED?
WHAT INHIBITS THIRST REFLEX?
WHAT WOULD HAPPEN IF IT WASN’T INHIBITED QUICKLY?
WATER OUTPUT
BY?
URINE, FEECES, SWEAT (SENSIBLE
PERSPIRATION), EVAPORATION FROM
SKIN (INSENSIBLE PERSPIRATION),
BREATHING H2O VAPOR
IF NOT ENOUGH WAS INGESTED WHICH
FORM OF OUTPUT IS REDUCED?
REGULATION OF OUTPUT
MAIN MECHANISM? (THNK KIDNEY)
ADH FROM ? CAUSES ? TO BECOME
PERMEABLE TO H2O
TOO MUCH WATER?
HOW DO DIURETICS WORK?
ALCOHOL, CAFFEINE
ELECTROLYTE BALANCE
?
MOST IMPORTANT:
Na,K, Ca, Mg, Cl, SO4, PO4, H+,
BICARBONATE,
BY?
FORMATION OF ELECTROLYTES
WATER IS ?
THIS CAUSES IONICALLY BONDED
MOLECULES TO ? = ELECTROLYTES
OSMORALITY =
WHAT IS AN OSMOLE?
WHY DOES SALT HAVE 2 OSMOLES?
ELECTROLYTE OUTPUT
BY?
SWEAT, FEECES, MOSTLY KIDNEY
REGULATION OF ELECTROLYTE
OUTPUT
CATIONS IMPORTANT FOR?
MOST ABUNDANT CATION: EXTRACELLULAR?
CONTROLLED BY?
ALDOSTERONE, KIDNEYS
ALDOSTERONE ALSO DECREASES POTASSIUM
LOW CALCIUM ?
PTH STIMULATES OSTEOCLASTS REABSORPTION
OF CALCIUM
ANIONS GENERALLY MOVE WITH THE CATIONS
ALSO ACTIVE TRANSPORT SOMEWHAT
HYDROGEN BASE BALANCE
ACIDS = ?
BASES = ?
CHANGES AFFECT RATE OF ENZYME
ACTIVITY, CHANGE DISTRIBUTION OF
IONS, MODIFY HORMONE ACTION
INTRACELLLULAR: pH:
Normal:- 7.35 – 7.45
SOURCES OF H+
MOSTLY METABOLISM BUT SOME ABSORBED BY
DIGESTION
METABOLISM:
AEROBIC RESPIRATION OF GLUCOSE
CO2 + H2O  H2CO3 (?)
H2CO3  H+ + HCO3-
ANAEROBIC RESPIRATION OF GLUCOSE
FORMS?
INCOMPLETE OXIDATION OF FATTY ACIDS
PRODUCES ACIDIC KETONE BODIES
OXIDATION OF AMINO ACIDS WITH SULFUR
FORMS?
HYDROLYSIS OF PHOSPHOPROTEINS AND
NUCLEIC ACIDS
PHOSPHORIC ACID
ACIDS
STRONG VS. WEAK ?
HCL RELEASES MORE H+ THAN
H2CO3
BASES
RELEASE ?
STRONG VS. WEAK
METABOLISM RELEASES MORE ?
IS RELEASED BY?
ACID-BASE BUFFER SYSTEMS
CO2 EXCRETION
RENAL EXCRETION OF ?
A BUFFER IS ?
WE HAVE A FEW BUT 3 MAIN
SYSTEMS
BICARBONATE BUFFER SYSTEM
FOUND IN ?
ACIDIC SOLUTION:
H+ + HCO3  H2CO3
ALKALINE SOLUTION:
H2CO3  H+ + HCO3
WHAT HAPPENS IN TISSUES NEAR
CELLS?
HIGH CO2?
WHAT HAPPENS CLOSE TO LUNGS?
SOME INDIVIDUAL AMINO ACIDS ACT AS
BUFFERS ALSO
SUMMARY
ACCEPT HYDROGEN IONS WHEN FLUID IS
BECOMING MORE _________
GIVE UP HYDROGEN IONS WHEN FLUID
IS BECOMING MORE __________
CHEMICAL BUFFER SYSTEMS CAN ONLY
HELP FOR A SHORT TIME, MUST
________________
RESPIRATORY EXCRETION OF CO2