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Lecture 13 Web: pollev.com/ucibio Text: To: 37607 Type in: 169964 <your question> Putting it all together – Glycolysis Understood thermodynamics of biochemical reactions - Spontaneous - Coupling - Rates Understood reaction rates - Activation energy - Enzymes Understood how enzymes work - Structure & function - Active sites Regulating individual reactions & pathways So, here we go… Glycolysis Glc Pyruvate Stage 1: Preparative Stage 2: Energy generating Glycolysis steps: Which reactions do what? Fix Glc in cell Fix isomer conformation Use both 3-C molecules Split into 3-C molecules Isomerise to enable splitting into two 3-C molecules Generate energy (ATP) 1. Fix Glc in cell 2. Get a cleavable molecule Need to get TWO 3C chains 2.5 Fix the isomer form 3. Cleave into 3C molecules 4. How to use BOTH molecules? Equilibrium: 96% DHAP! 5. Start energy generation phase Carbon oxidation Phosphoryl transfer potential 6. Breakeven! Substrate level phosphorylation Carbon oxidation Phosphoryl transfer potential 7. Wait for it… 7.5 Wait for it…. 8. Profit! 1. Fix Glc in cell 2.5 Fix the isomer form 8. Profit! Before understanding regulation… Overall reaction & importance of NADH Glc + 2ADP + 2Pi + 2NAD+ 2Pyruvate + 2ATP + 2NADH+H+ + 2H20 Before understanding regulation… What is the fate of Pyruvate in cells? Understanding regulation… Roles of Glycolysis What are the roles of Glycolysis in cells? Polysaccharides Monosaccharides Glucose Amino Acids Amino Acids Nucleotides Pyruvate ATP Acetyl-CoA TCA Fru-2,6-bis-PO4 Lactic acid Regulating the pathway What are the roles of Glycolysis in cells? Positive regulators (Need MORE Glycolysis) Negative regulators (Need LESS Glycolysis) Key regulatory points of Glycolysis Key regulatory points of Glycolysis Key regulatory points of Glycolysis