Transcript SEMESTER I EXAM - Hudson City Schools / Homepage

SEMESTER I EXAM
Review A 2010
SHELDON BIOLOGY
#1 Which are observations and
which are inferences?
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Mass of 5.5 g
Heavy rock
Smell of sulfur in the air
Beaker water = 57oC
Gerbil is scared of Larry
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Observation
Inference
Observation
Observation
Inference
• Observations: use
senses, tools
• Inferences: based on
opinions, experiences
Which is an INFERENCE and
which is an OBSERVATION?
• The penguin is black
and white
• The penguin acts like
a duck
• The penguin is cute
• The penguin is eating
fish.
• Observation
• Inference
• Inference
• Observation
#2 Qualitative or Quantitative?
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Shiny shell
28 crabs on the sand
Water Temp. = 30oC
Sand too hot
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Qualitative
Quantitative
Quantitative
Qualitative
• Quantitative: numbers
• Qualitative:
description
#3 Match Parts of Scientific
Method
• Problem Statement
• If and then…
• Hypothesis
• Agree or disagree
with hypothesis
• Experiment
• Data tables, graphs
• Conclusion
• What is the effect
of…?
Match Parts of Scientific Method
• Problem Statement
• If and then…
• Hypothesis
• Agree or disagree
with hypothesis
• Experiment
• Data tables, graphs
• Conclusion
• What is the effect
of…?
#4 Which are constants, which are
controls?
• Same beaker in each
trial
• Set-up of room
temperature as
compared to hot and
cold
• Same crickets for
each trial
• Constant
• Control
• constant
#5 HOW MANY VARIABLES DO
YOU TEST AT A TIME IN AN
EXPERIMENT?
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One
Two
Three
As many as you want
• ANSWER: ONE
Identify the variables?
Which is the
independent
variable?
Which is the
dependent variable?
Identify the variables?
Which is the
independent
variable? (x-AXIS)
temperature
Which is the
dependent variable?
(y-AXIS)
Log. Generations per
hour
Which part of the experiment…
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Does not contain the tested variable?
A. control
B. constant
C. independent variable
D. dependent variable?
ANSWER: control ( reference area)
CONSTANTS-all things that stay the same
#6 Convert the following:
• 45 km =____dm
• 45 km = 450,000 dm
• 7000 cm = _____hm
• 7000 cm = 0.7000 hm
• Km hm dkm (m) dm cm mm
#7 Which is a HYPOTHESIS and
which is a THEORY.
• If you put cold water
in a fish tank, then
fish will slow down.
• All cells come from
pre-existing cells.
• Used to direct one
experiment.
• Formed from many
tests-trusted.
• Hypothesis
• Theory
• Hypothesis
• Theory
#8 Asexual or sexual
reproduction?
• Two parents
• One parent
• Offspring alike
parents
• Offspring different
• Sexual
• Asexual
• Asexual
• Sexual
#9 Which characteristic of life?
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Cells formed.
Cells divide.
Lemur sunbathing.
Lemur eats food.
Blue Tang fish blends
in with the water.
• Frog eggs, tadpoles,
adult frog.
• You blink when a bug
hits your eye.
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Order
Reproduction
Regulation.
Energy processing.
Evolutionary
adaptation
• Growth and
development.
• Respond to the
environment.
#10 Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?
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Bacteria
Nucleoid
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Mitochondrion
Capsule
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Prokaryotic
Prokaryotic
Both
Eukaryotic
Eukaryotic
Prokaryotic
#11 Which is HOMEOSTASIS and
which is METABOLISM?
• Sum of all the
chemical reactions in
an organism
• METABOLISM
• An organism
maintains a stable
internal environment
even when the
external environment
is not
• HOMEOSTASIS
Identify as U=unicellular or
M=multicellular
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Amoeba
Human
Bacteria
Paramecium
Worm
tree
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U
M
U
U
M
M
#12 Put in the correct order:
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Community
Population
Organelle
Organ System
Organism
Organ
tissue
Ecosystem
Molecule
Cell
Biosphere
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Biosphere
Ecosystem
Community
Population
organism
Organ system
Organ
Tissue
Cell
Organelle
Molecule
Put in order in an energy
pyramid:
• Producers
• Secondary
Consumers
• Primary Consumers
Put in order in an energy
pyramid:
• Secondary
Consumers
• Primary Consumers
• Secondary
Consumers
• Primary
Consumers
#14 Where would you dipose of
waste chemicals in the lab?
• Sink
• Chemical waste jar
• Trash can
• ANSWER: chemical waste jar
What would each tool be used for?
• Hold test tube
• Protect eyes
• Hold beaker
#14What is the correct way to…
• Detect an odor in the
lab?
• Wafting
• Dispose of broken
glass?
• In the crock
• Dispose of test tube
liquids after the lab?
• In the waste
container on the lab
table.
#15 Which domain?
• Has peptidoglycan in
cell wall, prokaryotic
• Has no peptidoglycan
in cell wall,
prokaryotic
• Nucleus with a
membrane
• Eubacteria
• Archaebacteria
• Eukarya
#16 Which Kingdom of life?
• Cell wall of chitin,
eukaryotic
• Cell wall of cellulose,
nucleus
• No cell wall, eukaryotic
• E. coli, streptococcus
• Fungi
• Plantae
• Animalia
• Eubacteria
#17 What are emergent
properties?
• Whole is greater than the sum of the parts.
Such as the tree in the rainforest is an
important home, food source, and shade
for other organisms rather than just for
itself.
#18 Which is technology and
which his science?
• A male sex cell is a sperm cell
• Science
• Using embryonic stem cells can create
test tube babies.
• technology
CHAPT 35
Identify the Animal Behavior
• 1. no strong bondpairing
• 2. Siamese fighting
fish
• 3.squirrels wagging
tail at others
• 4. birds learn not to
respond to scarecrow
• Promiscuous
• Agnostic
• Communication
• habituation
Chapt. 35
• 5. under strong
genetic control
• Innate
• New baby geese
follow human
• Imprinting
• Territorial
• Wasp uses landmarks
• Chimp opens jar
• Problem-solving
when knew a rock
broke things
Chapt. 35
• 9. dog not go by
porcupine to get quills
• Trial-and-error
• 10. goose retrieves
egg same way always
• 11. Sow bug start and
stop random
movement
• 12. one male and one
female parental care
• FAP
• Kinesis
• monogamous
Chapt. 35
• 13. salmon move
upstream scent of
water
• 14. kin selection, pass
genes to relatives
• 15. individual mates
with several others
• 16. pecking order of
hens
• Taxis
• Inclusive fitness
• Polygamous
• Dominance hierarchy
Chapt. 35
• 17. rat mole gives its
life so queen can live
• 18. male sea lion
defends area,
cheetah urine on
trees
• 19. food-getting
• 20. learn by observing
others, like chimp
how to climb tree
• Altruism
• Territorality
• Foraging
• Social
CHAPTER TWO
•CHEMISTRY
#1 What is the charge of each?
• Electron
• Negative
• Proton
• Positive
• neutron
• neutral
Which subatomic particle…
• Lacks a charge
• Is in the nucleus?
• A. proton
• B. electron
• C. neutron
• ANSWER: neutron
• Protons (+) Electrons (-)
#2 Which is correct?
• A substance that cannot be broken
down into other substances by
ordinary chemical means is:
A. molecule
• B. buffer
• C. element
• D. cell
• E. compound
• ANSWER: element
#2 What is the element, which a
compound?
• Na
• Element (one)
• CO2
• O
• Compound (2 or
more elements)
• element
• H2O
• compound
#2 What is the atom, which a
molecule?
• Na
• atom
• CO2
• molecule
• O
• atom
• H2O
• Molecule
• O2
• molecule
#2 What is the symbol, which a
formula?
• Na
• symbol
• CO2
• formula
• O
• symbol
• H2O
• formula
(just for fun) Which are ATOMS
and which are CELLS?
• Amoeba
• CELL
• Carbon
• ATOM
• Hydrogen
• ATOM
• blood
• CELL
#4 What part of atoms form
bonds?
• Electrons
• Protons
• Neutrons
• ANSWER: electrons
• What is electronegativity?
• Affinity an atom has to attract electrons
Yeah, this is good to know:
If you had an atomic number of…
• 12, how many electrons would be in the
outer shell?
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2
8
4
6
ANSWER: 2
(fills 2, 8, 2)
#5 Fill in the blanks:
• In an ionic bond the electrons are
_______________ and in a covalent bond
the electrons are_______.
• ANSWER: transferred (lost/gained)
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shared
#5 What do e- do in each of
these bonds?
• Ionic
• Transfer (gain or lose)
• Covalent
• Share
• Polar covalent
• Share unequally
• Non-polar covalent
• Share equally
#6 List this in order from
strongest to weakest bonds:
• Van der Waals
• Ionic
• Covalent
• Hydrogen
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Strongest:
Covalent
Ionic
Hydrogen
Van der Waals (weak)
#7 Which are ions?
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Cl
ClH2
OHH+
• ANSWER: Ions are Cl- ,OH-, H+
#7 Which are ions and which
are isotopes?
• Ca+2
• 13
• C
• 6
• Ion (lost e-)
• Isotope (different
number of neutrons
than neutral form)
#7
Which are cations? Anions?
• O-2
• H+
• Anion
• Cation
• Anion
• Cl-1
• O2
• neither
#7
• What use are radioisotopes in medicine?
• Use tracers to follow molecules as they
undergo chemical changes
• Tag chemicals that isolate in a certain part
of the body (like cancer, disease)
#7 Atoms with different number of
electrons from its neutral atom are:
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An ion
An isotope
A bond
A molecule
• ANSWER: an ion
• Charged atom Na+
Cl-
#7 Atoms with different number of
neutrons from its neutral atom are:
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An ion
An isotope
A bond
A molecule
• ANSWER: an isotope
#8 How many p, n, and e-?
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•F
• 9
mass number (p + n)
atomic number (p) (also e-)
• ANSWER: 9 p, 9 e-, 10 n
• #p+ and #e- = at. no.
• #n = mass no. – at. no.
#9 What makes up an atom’s
nucleus?
• Protons and neutrons
• What charge?
•+
#10 Why do atoms join other atoms
to form compounds?
• A. to make even number of electrons
• B. to fill their outer electron shells
• C. to become neutral
• ANSWER: B
• Fill 2,8,8
#10 An atom is stable when…
• A. number of electrons = number of
protons
• B. outer electron shells are full
• C. number of neutrons = number of
protons
• ANSWER: B
• #9 Atoms will form compounds to fill
outer electron shells
#11 Identify the covalent
bonds?
• C=C
• Double
• C-C
• Single
• C=C
• triple
#12
• Identify where on the periodic table would
be:
• -1 ions
• Column 7
• +1 ions
• Column 1
• Filled outer shells
• Column 8
Which element would behave
most like carbon?
N
O
B
Si
Which element would behave
most like carbon?
N
O
B
Si
#13 Ice floats because…
• A. it is colder than liquid water
• B. its water molecules are farther apart
due to H-bonding
• C. it is denser than liquid water
• D. its molecules are moving faster
• ANSWER: B
#13 Describe water’s property
• Surface tension
• High (float a bug)
• Heat of fusion
• High (slow to freeze)
• Capillarity
• Rises in narrow
tubes
#13 Which water property is it?
• A. climb narrow tubes
• 1. heat of fusion
• B. form a film on
water surface
• 2. heat of
vaporization
• C. slow to heat
• 3. capillarity
• D. slow to freeze
• 4. surface tension
water property answers
• A. climb narrow tubes
• 3. capillarity
• B. form a film on water
surface
• 4. surface tension
• C. slow to heat
• 1. high heat of
vaporization
• D. slow to freeze
• 2. high heat of fusion
#13 Why does ice expand when
freezing?
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1. It gets gains mass.
2. It gains electrons.
3. It loses electrons.
4. The H-bonds form an open lattice.
• ANSWER: 4
#14 Which is cohesion and which is
adhesion?
• A. sticking to like substances
• B. sticking to unlike substances
• ANSWER: “A” is cohesion
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“B” is adhesion
Which is cohesion, which is
adhesion?
• Water sticking to glass?
• Adhesion
• Water to water in a drop?
• cohesion
#15 In a salt water solution…
• Which is the solute, which is the solvent?
#15 In a salt water solution, identify
the solute and the solvent:
• Solute = salt (is being dissolved)
• Solvent = water
• (does the dissolving)
#16 Which is a mixture and which
is a compound?
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Salt water
Glucose
Water
Air
Blood
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Mixture
Compound C6H12O6
H2O compound
Mixture
mixture
#16 Identify as a mixture or a
compound:
• Dirt
• Mixture
• Carbon dioxide
• Compound
• Air
• mixture
#17 What two ions does water
dissociate into?
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H and O
H and OH
H+ and OHH2 and O2
• ANSWER: H+ and OH•
(acids) (bases)
#17 Fill in the blanks
• In an acid the ___________ions are
donated to the water solution, but in a
base the __________ions are donated to
the water solution:
• ANSWER: H+ (acid)
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hydronium
OH- (base)
hydroxide
#18 Match:
• pH 7
A. weak base
• C. neutral
• pH 13
B. strong base
• Strong base
• pH 2
C. neutral
• Strong acid
• pH 6
D. weak acid
• Weak acid
E. strong acid
# 18 Identify as acid or base
(strong or weak)
• [10-4]
• Weak Acid
• [10-14]
• Strong Base
• [10-7]
• Neutral
• [10-2]
• Strong Acid
An atom is stable when:
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A. It’s protons equal its neutrons
B. It’s electrons equal its protons
C. It’s outer electron shell is filled.
D. It’s outer electron shell is empty.
• ANSWER: C
• (e- fill 2,8,8)
#19 Which is a buffer:
• A. lowers the pH
• B. raises the pH
• C. keeps the pH from changing
• ANSWER:
C
#20 Predict the ionic formula
#20 Predict the ionic formula
#21 What are the reactants and
what are the products?
What are the reactant and what are
the products?
BIOCHEMISTRY
•CHAPTER 3
What are the 4 most abundant
elements in organic molecules?
• A. C H O P
• B. C H O N
• C. C N Cl O
• ANSWER:
B
#2 What elements are found in
each of these?
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Carbohydrates
CHO
Lipids
CHO
Proteins
CHON
Nucleic Acids
CHONP
You should also know: Which
shows the correct bonding ability of
carbon?
Which shows the correct bonding
ability of carbon?
REASON: 4 e- in its outer shell (can
bond to 4 more e- to fill its outer
shell of 8)
A carbon atom can form:
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A. Two covalent bonds
B. Three covalent bonds
C. Four covalent bonds
D. Five covalent bonds
• ANSWER: C
#3 - #4 Identify the monomer:
• Carbohydrate
• Monosaccharide
• Protein
• Amino Acid
• Lipid
• Fatty acid + glycerol
• Nucleic Acid
• nucleotide
#5 What’s it called?
• Removing water to link monomers for
form a polymer:
• A. dehydration synthesis
• B. hydrolysis
• C. chemiosmosis
• ANSWER: A
• Hydrolysis adds water to split polymers
#5 Which is hydrolysis?
Which is dehydration synthesis?
• Adds water
• Takes out water
• Hydrolysis
• Dehydration synthesis
• Joins monomers
• Breaks polymers
• Dehydration synthesis
• hydrolysis
#6 Which is a saturated fat?
• A.
• B.
CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COO
H
• C. CH3CH2CH2COOH
Which is a saturated fat?
• A.
• B.
CH3(CH2)4CH=CHCH2CH=CH(CH2)7COO
H
• C. CH3CH2CH2COOH
# 7 How can you tell the
difference
• Between a carbohydrate and a lipid if
given the structural formula?
• Carbos C:H:O
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1:2:1
• Lipids H:O is greater than 2:1 ratio
#8 What are isomers?
Compounds with the same molecular
formula (number and kinds of elements), but
with different spatial arrangement.
#8 What are isomers?
See next slide for definition
#9 Matching:
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1. glycogen
2. cellulose
3. glucose
4. starch
• A. a polysaccharide in
plant cells cell walls
• B. The storage form of
glucose in plants
• C. The storage form of
glucose in animals
• D. simple sugar
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#9 MATCH THE TYPE OF
CARBO:
monosaccharide, disaccharide,
polysaccharide
Glucose
Glycogen
Sucrose
Starch
lactose
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Monosaccharide
Polysaccharide
Disaccharide
Polysaccharide
Disaccharide
#10 In a trigylyceride, where are
the hydrophobic and hydrophilic
ends?
In a trigylyceride, where are the
hydrophobic and hydrophilic
ends?
In a trigylyceride, where are the
hydrophobic and hydrophilic
ends?
Which is NOT a lipid?
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A. wax
B. phospholipid
C. cholesterol
D. RNA
E. steroid
• ANSWER: D
Which is NOT a lipid?
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A. wax
B. phospholipid
C. cholesterol
D. RNA
E. steroid
• ANSWER: D
#11 How are phospholipids
different than triglycerides?
• A. an extra phosphate
• B. lost a phosphate
• C. a phosphate replaces a fatty acid
• ANSWER:
C
#12 What forms each protein
level of folding?
What
forms
each
protein
level of
folding?
Peptide bonds
H-bonds
Disulfide bonds
between cysteine
H-bonds, ionic,
hydrophobic,
All 4 types of
bonds
#13 Identify the functional
groups?
#13 Identify the functional
groups
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#13 Identify the functional
groups
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Amino
Carbonyl
carboxyl
carboxyl
#14 What are the two kinds of
nucleic acids?
• ANSWER:
• RNA
• DNA
#14
• What four letters represent the
nitrogenous bases?
A. A C R G
• B. A T C G
• C. N R C A
• ANSWER:
B
#14 What are the four bases of
nucleic acids?
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1. A-C-O-T
2. A-T-C-G
3. C-G-O-H
4. T-O-G-C
• ANSWER: A-T-C-G
#14
• How many common amino acids are
there?
A. 20
• B. 25
• C. 33
• ANSWER: A
#14 What is the name of the
bond between amino acids to
form proteins?
• A. hydrogen
• B. van der Waals
• C. peptide
• ANSWER: C
#15
• What are the basic parts of an amino acid
that they all have in common?
• ANSWER:
• Amino group – H- carboxyl group
• What part is different among the amino
acids?
ANSWER: R group
#16
• Why does denaturation of a protein make
it not work anymore?
ANSWER:
• Breaks bonds that unfold and change its
shape; shape is how it works with other
molecules
#17 What does SSSCDETR
mean with proteins?
• It stands for the possible functions. See
next slide for the specifics.
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S-structural
S-storage
S-signal
C-contractile
D-defensive
E-enzymes
T-transport
R-receptor
#18
• In a chemical reaction, where are the
reactants and where are the products?
• ANSWER:
• the reactants are on the left of the arrow
• The products are on the right of the arrow
#19 Enzymes end in:
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A. -ase
B. -ose
C. -ise
D. –ese
• ANSWER: -ase
Identify the substrate, the active
site, and the product.
A
B
C
#19 Identify the substrate, the
active site, and the product.
Substrate = what the enzyme acts upon
Active site=where the enzyme + substrate
meet
#19 What do these mean?
• Induced Fit
Lock-and-Key
• ANSWER:
• When an enzyme joins its substrate it
“handshakes” to fit.
• The enzymes are very specific (usually
one key) to its substrate.
#19
• What suffix do enzymes end in
• ANSWER:
• -ase
• What type of macromolecule are enzymes
made of?
• ANSWER
• -proteins
#19 Which are enzymes?
• A. phospholipid membranes
• B. Energy sources
• C. biological catalysts (speed up
reactions)
• D. storage molecules
• ANSWER: biological catalysts
#19 Which are enzymes?
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A. proteins
B. fats
C. nucleic acids
D. carbohydrates
• ANSWER: A. proteins
#20
• What does hydrophobic and hydrophilic
mean?
• ANSWER:
• Avoid water and attract water
• What functional group would be
hydrophobic?
• ANSWER: methyl
#21
• monosaccharide
polysaccharide
#22 What fat is this the structure
for?
• Steroid (4 fused rings)
#23 Which test is this?
• Food sample turned blue-black in the
presence of iodine?
A. for protein
• B. for starch
• C. for lipids
• D. for simple sugars
• ANSWER: B
#23 MACROMOLECULE
TESTS
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A. for protein (Biuret’s blue to purple)
B. for starch (iodine turns blue-black)
C. for lipids (paper translucent to light)
D. for simple sugars (Benedict’s blue to
orange)
#24 What are other names for
proteins?
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Polypeptide
Amino acid chain
Fatty acid
Polyunsaturate
Polysaccharide
• ANSWER: polypeptide, amino acid
chain
Matching:
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1. glycogen C
2. cellulose A
3. glucose D
4. starch B
• A. a polysaccharide in
plant cell walls
• B. The storage form
of glucose in plants
• C. The storage form
of glucose in animals
• D. simple sugar
What is another name for a “fat?”
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A. triglyceride
B. protein
C. nucleic acid
D. polysaccharide
• ANSWER: A