Transcript Unit 1 - Cells: The Functional Unit of Life

Unit 4 –
Photosynthesis and
Cellular Respiration
Reading quiz (mitochondrion
and chloroplast structure)
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Draw a LARGE, DETAILED, labeled sketch of a chloroplast
Draw a LARGE, DETAILED, labeled sketch of a mitochondrion
1.25 point for having a drawing “somewhat similar to below”.
½ a point for each term labeled: . Chloroplast: Inner membrane outermembrane
thylakoid
Mitchondrion: outermembrane innermembrane
Add any term not labeled to your diagram
Title each of the following
pages
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Photosynthesis overview
Plant pigments
Reading quiz/Light reactions
Calvin Cycle
Photosynthesis lab
Reading quiz/Cellular respiration overview
Glycolysis and Krebs Cycle
Electron Transport Chain and Fermentation
Comparing Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis overview
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Process of storing energy in sugar molecules
from the energy initially in the sun (radiant
energy)
1st step: Capture radiant energy and use it to
generate our “energy currency”
2nd step: Use “energy
currency” to convert
CO2 to glucose
Oxygen is released
as a byproduct
Happens in the
chloroplast
Plant pigments
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Problem: How do plants utilize radiant energy to
produce sugars?
Properties of light
 While traveling, acts as a wave (properties depend on this
wavelength)
 When interacting
with matter (like your
clothes) acts as a
particle
 Photon: Discrete
packet of light
Plant pigments
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Pigments are materials that absorb particular
wavelengths of light and reflect others
Why do your eyes have a ___ color?
When chlorophyll absorbs light, energy is transferred
to electrons and “boosts” them to a
Plant pigments
higher state.
Reading quiz
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Where do the light reactions occur?
Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
What is the purpose of the light reactions?
What is the purpose of the Calvin cycle?
Light reactions
What you need to know:
Location –
_________
Input – ___________
Output – _______
Purpose - ________
Light reactions
Photosystem
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Role of chlorophyll:
Capture energy from
light
Role of an electron
carrier: transport
electrons
Tracking electrons
and energy
NADP+ + 2e- + H+  NADPH
Using Elodea to demonstrate
Photosynthesis
6CO2 + 6H2O light> C6H12O6 + 6O2
How can we determine if
photosynthesis occurs?
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Measure ______
How?
CO2 can turn into carbonic acid
Bromothymol blue will be blue at pH around 7.6 and
yellow-green at pH of 6
Some CO2 will turn into Carbonic acid (so if enough
CO2 is present in a bromothymol blue solution, it will
have a ___color.)
If a initial color of yellow-green turns blue then what
can you infer?
Lab setup
b.b. + Elodea + light
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b. b. + Elodea + dark
b.b. + light
As a pair, make a hypothesis. The presence
of light (will/will not) affect the rate of
photsynthesis and (will change the color of
the solution to blue/will not change the color
of the solution)
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1. Obtain
tray
2. Place a 3 cm piece of elodea in 2 vials
3. Fill each of the 3 vials with bromothymol blue
4. Cap each vial and cover 1 of the elodea vials with the aluminum
foil
5. Keep vials in test tube rack and place back EXACTLY where it
came from. THEN…
6. Work with your partner. On the paper provided, diagram the entire
light reaction from memory first. Once you did as much as you can,
use your notes and study guide (no textbook). Practice explaining
the entire process, including what happens to water, chlorophyll a,
electrons, electron transport chain, hydrogen ions, and how ATP,
NADPH are produced
7. When you can successfully explain all this, call me and I will initial
your assignment sheet when you can do it perfectly. If you get
initialed, you might be asked to go around checking others.
Calvin Cycle
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LocationPurposeInput –
Output –
Tracing carbon
Factors affecting
photosynthesis
Reading quiz
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What organisms does cellular respiration
occur in?
Write the cellular respiration equation
What are the inputs of glycolysis?
Does aerobic respiration refer to having
oxygen or lacking oxygen?
Cellular Respiration – Overview
(SG 4A, 4B, 4C)
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Process of forming ATP by breaking down glucose
in the presence of oxygen
6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 +6H2O + energy
Why do we breathe (external respiration)?
Why do we consume
and digest
carbohydrates?
Does this happen
in one step?
Glycolysis
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Series of chemical reactions that break down
one molecule of glucose into pyruvate
C6H12O6  2C3H6O3
Happens in cytosol of the cell
Inputs
Outputs
Glucose
2 NAD+
2 ADP + 2 P
2 ATP
2 pyruvate
2 NADH
4 ATP (net 2)
Draw this chart (under cell respiration overview) and fill in
the following terms glycolysis, ATP, NADH, glucose,
pyruvate
Photosynthesis lab continued (write
analysis on a blank paper)
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Fill out the
following chart
b.b. + light
b.b. + elodea
(dark)
b.b. + elodea
+ light
0
60 min.
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What color did the elodea + b.b. + light change to?
What pH will bromothymol blue be green? When will it be blue?
So, the color changed DIRECTLY due to a change in ___
The change in ___ was caused by a change in ____
The change in ___ was caused by a change in ___
The change in ___ was caused by a change in what process ___
How can we get the b.b. in front of you back to green?
Use all of this information to write a well coherent allows to support or
not support the following hypothesis: Light will increase the rate of
photosynthesis.
My hypothesis was/was not supported. (restate hypothesis). Discuss
color change in all 3 tubes. Discuss what chemical changes caused the
color change. Speculate why light increased the rate of photosynthesis.
Citric acid (Kreb) cycle
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Series of reactions that finishes glucose
break down to carbon dioxide in the presence
of oxygen (aerobic)
Happens in matrix
of mitochondria
Inputs
Outputs
2 pyruvate
2 ADP + 2 P
6 NAD+
2 FAD
4 CO2
2 ATP
6 NADH
2 FADH2
Cellular Respiration – Electron
Transport Chain
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Process that uses high energy electrons from Krebs
cycle to convert ADP to ATP
Location: cristae of mitochondria
32 total ATP
Fill out the following chart to compare
Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis
Function
Location
Reactants
Products
Equation
Cellular Respiration
Photosynthesis – Cellular
Respiration comparison
Photosynthesis
Cellular Respiration
Function
Energy capture
Energy release
Location
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
Reactants CO2 and H2O
C6H12O6 and O2
Products
C6H12O6 and O2
CO2 and H2O
Equation
6CO2 + 6H2O light>
C6H12O6 + 6O2
6O2 + C6H12O6 
6CO2 +6H2O + energy
Fermentation (anaerobic
respiration)
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Process that releases
some energy from
glucose when no oxygen
is present
Plants, yeast and few microbes
Other organisms