Transcript biomolecules slidesx

Monday – 8/31
Complete your warm-up on a your notes
handout.
Explain how you would describe the structure
pictured below to someone that was blind and
had no background knowledge pertaining to
this structure.
Be as
detailed as
possible!
Similarities
• What do you notice about the picture above?
• What does this structure have in common with
the brick wall?
• Discuss your observations below your warm-up.
Be sure to be as detailed as possible!
Monomers Make Up Polymers
• Monomers are small molecules that serve as
the building blocks for polymers.
• Polymers are large molecules made up of
repeating subunits called monomers.
Structure of Polymers
Monomer/Polymer & Biomolecules
What does this have to do with biomoleculels?
• Biomolecules are polymers.
• Each one is composed of specific building
blocks, or monomers.
• When hundreds of these building blocks are
put together the polymer, or biomolecule is
formed.
Building the Biomolecules
With your partner, you will rotate around the
room to the colored papers on the wall.
Your task is to determine the monomers that
make up the biomoleucles by analyzing the
pictures.
Fill in this information in the chart in your notes.
Molecule #1
Molecule #2
Molecule #3
Polypeptide Chain
Molecule #4
Molecule #5
Monosaccharide
Molecule #6
Amino Acids
Let’s Check Our Answers
The monomer of proteins are amino acids.
Let’s Check Our Answers
The monomer of carbohydrates (polysaccharides)
are monosaccharides (sugars).
Let’s Check Our Answers
The monomer of nucleic acids (DNA & RNA) are
nucleotides.
What about Lipids?
• You may have noticed that you were
not asked to analyze lipids.
• This is because lipids ARE NOT
considered a polymer, because they
DO NOT have true monomers.
• Lipids are made up of a glycerol head
and fatty acids tails.
• Because these are not the same
component, lipids do not have true
monomers, therefore, they are not
considered polymers.
Exit Ticket
• Clear everything off your desk except for
something to write with.
• Complete the exit ticket to the best of your
ability without using your notes.
• When you finish, flip your paper over.
Tuesday – 9/1
Write your answer to the following prompt on a
sheet of notebook paper.
When you finish, flip your paper over.
This is NOT a picture of a protein.
Defend this claim using the notes in your booklet.
Secret Message
You are going to write a secrete message using a
sterile Q-tip and your saliva.
1. Write your name on your slip of paper.
2. Put the Q-tip in your mouth, and get as much
saliva on it as possible.
3. Draw or write a secret message on the slip of
paper using your Q-tip covered in spit.
4. Place your paper on the lab table in the back of
the room so that your spit can dry.
What does this have to do with enzymes?
Answer the Guided Questions
as you watch the video.
Enzyme Introduction
Guided Questions
1. What are enzymes?
2. What would happen if we didn’t have any
enzymes?
3. Fill in the table below describing the
difference between pepsin and amylase.
4. List 2 things that the enzymes found in your
cells do for you.
Definitions
Write these definitions on the back of your paper.
Optimum: best conditions (most productive)
Activation Energy: the amount of energy needed to
initiate (start) a chemical reaction
proteins known as __________
catalysts that
Enzymes are __________
speed up the rate of chemical reactions by
_________
lowering the activation energy.
_________
Iodine
Observe what happens when the iodine is added to
various substances.
Discuss the following with your shoulder partner.
1. Have you ever heard of iodine? If so, what is it?
2. Between the two of you, decide what you think
the iodine is doing? Then, develop a “rule”
about iodine.
Indicators
Indicators are substances that undergo an
noticeable change when the substance they
indicate for is present.
– Example: Iodine turns from a rust color to a deep
purple in the presence of starches (carbohydrates).
What Happened?
Brainstorm using the hints below and discuss
your hypothesis with your shoulder partner.
Exit Ticket – Tell Me What Happened!
Answer the following questions on your warm-up paper.
1. What do you think happened?
Be sure to describe what amylase
(the enzyme in your saliva) was
doing as well as what you think the
iodine was doing.
1. How does the secrete message
activity relate to biomolecules?
Think about the paper as well as the
enzymes in your spit.
Wednesday – 9/2
Write your answer to the following prompt on a
sheet of notebook paper.
When you finish, flip your paper over.
This is a picture of a protein.
Defend this claim using the notes in your booklet.
Intro. to Enzyme Vocab.
Enzyme Vocabulary Introduciton
Lab Safety
Liver Lab Overview
• You are about to witness enzymes in action.
• You goal is to determine the reasoning behind
your observations as it relates to enzymes.
• Remember, enzymes speed up chemical
reactions.
Liver Lab
• Clear everything off your desk except for a
pencil and your Liver Lab Handout.
• One of you will be Supply Manager A and one
will be Supply Manager B.
Supply Manager A
Supply Manager B
• Control Liver Sample • Acidic Liver Sample
• Cup with Peroxide
• Heated Liver Sample
• Pipette
Once you retrieve your supplies, return to your
seat and DO NOT TOUCH the supplies.
Let’s Begin
• Person A: Using the pipette, place 1-2 drops of
peroxide onto the control liver sample.
– Control: constant, used as a comparison as
the standard (what is supposed to happen
in nature)
• Both: Record your observations in the data
table.
Up Next… Acidic Liver
• Person B: Using the pipette, place 1-2 drops of
peroxide onto the acidic liver sample.
• Both: Record your observations in the data
table.
Up Next… Heated Liver
• Person A: Using the pipette, place 1-2 drops of
peroxide onto the heated liver sample.
• Both: Record your observations in the data
table.
Up Next… Control Liver AGAIN!
• Person B: sing the pipette, place 1-2 drops of
peroxide onto the control liver sample.
• Both: Record your observations in the data
table.
Clean Up
Supply Manger A
• Place your cup full of
peroxide and pipette
back on the counter
where you got them
from.
• Dump your control liver
sample back into the
beaker.
• Rinse your cup in the
sink, and set it next to
the control liver beaker.
Supply Manager B
• Place your acidic liver
sample back next to the
acidic liver beaker, and
place the cup next to
the beaker.
• Dump your heated liver
sample back into the
beaker full of heated
liver, and set the cup
next to the beaker.
Liver Lab Analysis
Answer the post lab questions in your notes
over the Liver Lab.
What are enzymes?

Enzymes are a type of protein that helps
control and manage cell metabolism by
making chemical reactions happen more
efficiently.

Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by
lowering activation energies.

Proteins make efficient catalysts because
their shapes are very specific.
Parts of an Enzyme

Substrate – the molecules an enzyme
metabolizes (the reactants)

Active Site – the site in which the substrate
bonds.



The active site is a groove or depression on the
surface of a enzyme.
Even the slightest change in the form of this site will
alter the enzyme's function.
Induced fit is how the enzyme-substrate bonds.
Parts of an Enzyme
Substrate
Products
Active Site
Enzyme-Substrate
Complex
Enzyme
Effect of Enzymes
Reaction pathway
without enzyme
Activation energy
without enzyme
Activation
Energy with
enzyme
Reactants
Reaction pathway
with enzyme
Products
What can affect Enzyme function?

Enzymes function best in specific conditions;
environmental factors within the cell can affect how
well the enzyme functions

Temperature – high temperatures can denature (break
down) an enzyme, changing its shape. Enzymes work
best at temperatures between 35o and 40oC in humans.
pH range between 6 and 8 promotes optimum function.
Higher or lower values negatively affect function.


Salts inhibit enzyme action.
Question 1
A student studying reactions with
enzymes uses the graph to form a
conclusion. What is the best
conclusion a student can make
based on the information on the
graph?
a.The amount of activation energy is
lower in reactions without
enzymes.
b.The amount of activation energy
needed is greater in reactions with
enzymes.
c.A reaction with an enzyme lowers
the activation energy needed.
d.As the reaction continues the
amount of energy needed
increases.
Question 2
Which statement does not describe the role
of enzymes?
a.Enzymes synthesize molecules
b.Enzymes are specific to the molecules in a
reaction.
c.Enzymes reactions are maximized within a
spectific range of conditions.
d.Enzymes decrease the activation energy
necessary for cell metabolism.
Hide your notes! Don’t peek!
Question 3
Which structure is indicated by letter B?
a.Active Site
b.Substrate
c.Enzyme-Substrate Complex
d.Competitive Inhibitor
Question 4
Which structure is indicated by letter A?
a.Active Site
b.Substrate
c.Enzyme-Substrate Complex
d.Competitive Inhibitor
PSYCH!
 All
 :)
of those answer choices were correct!
Enzymes Practice Questions!
Using your Plickers (or whiteboards), show your
response to the following enzyme questions
(Teacher project the Enzymes Practice Questions
1 handout)
Practice Problem #1
Practice Problem #2
Practice Problem #3
Practice Problems #4
Practice Problem #5
Practice Problems #6
Practice Problem #7
Practice Problem #8
Practice Problem #9
Practice Problem #10
Practice Problem #11
Practice Problem #12
Practice Problem #13
Practice Problem #14
Practice Problem #15
Practice Problem #16
Practice Problem #17
Practice Problem #18
Practice Problem #19
Practice Problem #20
Practice Problem #21
Practice Problem #22
More Graphing Practice (if time
permits)
• http://www.edhsgreensea.net/Biology/taters/
enzyme_mc.htm
16, 17, 21, 23-25, 27-28
Condensation Reaction
Hydrolysis
Exit Ticket
1. Complete the Enzyme Vocab Quiz.
2. You may not use your notes or your neighbor.
3. When you finish, flip it over and I will come
get it from you.
Friday – 9/3
Complete the warm-up on the same sheet of
notebook paper you did the rest of the warm-ups
on this week.
Identify the biomolecule below & its monomer.
Exit Ticket
1. Draw the chart below on your paper.
Element
Monomer
Polymer
Biomolecule
2. Then, place the words below into the appropriate categories.
Carbon
Monosaccharide
Lipid
Nucleic Acid
Nitrogen
Amino Acid
Oxygen
Protein
Hydrogen
Nucleotide
Phosphorus
Carbohydrate
Tuesday – 9/8
Wednesday – 9/9
TEST DAY!
• You have exactly 5 minutes to study your
notes on your own.
• If you have a question, write it down.
• I will take several questions afterwards, and
then you will begin your test.