Transcript Afghanistan The Burka Band

Overview
1. Burka Band
2. Country Profile
3. State- and nationbuilding
(historical overview)
4. Core functions
5. Characteristics
Afghanistan
The Burka Band
...........my mother wears blue jeans
now, and i am so surprised; the
things are changing faster, i don´t
know if it´s right......
Übersicht Afghanistan
Afghanistan Country Profile
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Population:
Capital:
Religion:
Literacy:
Life expectancy:
Head of State:
31.056.997 (July 2006)
Kabul
99% Muslim
36%
43.34 years
Hamid KARZAI
Analysis
state- and nationbuilding
19th century:
1923:
1978-1989:
1989-2001:
2001-2006:
Colonialism
Monarchy
Afghanistan under sovjet rule
Afghanistan und the rule of Taliban
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
19th Century Colonialism
• Colonialism between Great Britain and
UdSSR – two external Actors –
• 1919 Independent from Great Britain
• Afghanistan signed a treaty of friendship
with the new government in Russia in 1921
Afghanistan partly constitutional
Monarchy – 1923
• Efforts to reform
Afghanistan
• British interest in
Afghanistan largely ended
with Indian independence
in 1947
• In the 50th influence of
UdSSR increase
• King Zahir Shah removes
Daoud as Prime Minister
and creates a contitutional
Monarchy
• In 1973 Daoud leads a
coup to overthrow the
King and install himself as
president
1978 – 1989 Afghanistan under the
Soviet rule
• 1978 – The Great Revolution
• In 1979 – The UdSSR begann a massive Military
airlift into Kabul
• Taraki – President of Afghanistan – proclaims the
Nation „Socialist“
• After the Revolution - The Democratik Republik of
Afghanistan
• In summer 1979 – massive aid from USA – to induce
UdSSR to invade Afghanistan
1978 – 1989 Afghanistan under the
Soviet rule
• Pakistan, Saudi Arabia and Iran – external
Actors- prepared anti-regime forces
• 1988 – Agreement between Afghanistan, U.S.,
Pakistan – for full Soviet withdrawal 1989
• UdSSR and U.S. agreed to stop support 1991
1989 – 2001 Afghanistan under the
rule of the Taliban
• After the departure of the Soviet troops 1988/89the war was questionable in the Population
• The Mujahidin refuse to allow any other ethnic
tribe to control the Nation
• In 1992 - Afghanistan was thrown into the Civil
War
• Afghanistan was under the control of different
coalitions of Mujahidin groups
1989 – 2001 Afghanistan under
the rule of the Taliban
• Guerilla's Leader Masoud received order by
the Guerilla leader in Peshawar to secure
Kabul
• The Government handed over power to the
Mujahidin
• In 1994 the Taliban movement is created
among former Mujahidin with the support
of Pakistan
1989 – 2001 Afghanistan under
the rule of the Taliban
• In September 1996 the Taliban took the
capital Kabul
• In 1997 the Taliban controlled Afghanistan
completely
• The Taliban – First let the poppy fields
burn, but soon took up the drug export again
1989 – 2001 Afghanistan under
the rule of the Taliban
• 11 September 2001 – New York`s World
Trade Towers and Pentagon – Osama bin
Laden
• Résumé - Lack of a legitim government
- Lack of Security
- Lack of Human Rights
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
2001-2006
• 9/11
• Refusal of the Taliban to expel BIN LADEN
• October/01: International Alliance started
bombing Afghanistan
•November/01: Fall of the Taliban
•December/01: Bonn agreement
Democratization
• Bonn agreement
• Government consists of:
– Warlords/Mujaheddin
– „west oriented“ politicians
Democratization?
Attention: Is democratization possible?
 Obstacles:
• lack of human rights and security
• destroyed infrastructure
• no economy
• lack of any political system
 Different interests by different forces!
Democratization?
• Warlords/ Mujaheddin:
Territory soverignty/independent from
the government
Drug/gun trafficking/ partly Taliban
• Hamid Karzai: realization of the interests of
U.N.
 Low acceptance by the citizens
State-/ Violence
External
Internal
U.S/U.N
New Afghan National
Army (ANA)
Afghan National Police
(ANP) (trained by
external actors of force)
Warlords/Mujaheddin
NATO/ISAF
Socio/-oeconomic situation
• Agricultur/ mostly Opium
cultivaton: 87% of the world
supply
• Weak economy
• Low average level of education
Security
Welfare
Rule of Law
-security: different actors, - poor state
-repression in different
no monopoly by the
regions
government
- high unemployment rates
- irregularities of
-internal and external
elections
-general lack of
threats
infrastructure, health and
educational systems
-huge corruption
-low living standards
- abuse of human rights
-clientelism and corruption
- weak governmental
system in the regions
-drug/gun trafficking
- refugees intrastate
- homing refugees from
borderlands
-weak borders
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+ stabilized medcare/
infrastructure in some
regions
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-widespread impunity for
war crimes
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Characteristics
• Afghanistan is a failed state
• Military success vs. Nation building
Different Interests:
• U.S./NATO:
military base in middle asia?
• Warlords: don´t want to share their power
• Borderlands:
profits from gun/drug trafficking
strengthening the power of islamic
fundamentalist
„Solution/ Main Point“
SECURITY FIRST