Transcript drug abuse

DRUG ABUSE
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ACTIVIITY:

Make a list of the three different types of drugs that you are
already aware of and place them in the proper column:
OTC

Rx
(prescriptive)
Illegal
How many do you have in each column?
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DEFINITION OF A DRUG
• Any
chemical substance that can
produce mind-altering effects or
change in body functioning.
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DOSAGE
• Amount
of the drug necessary to
produce its intended effect.
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TYPES OF DOSAGES
• MINIMAL
DOSAGE - smallest
amount of the drug needed to achieve
desired effect.
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TYPES OF DOSAGES
• AVERAGE
DOSAGE - amount of
drug taken successfully by most
people.
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TYPES OF DOSAGES
• MAXIMUM
DOSAGE - highest level
of the drug allowed to avoid toxicity
which could potentially lead to
overdosing.
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How do drugs enter your body?
1. INjection
intravenously administer
the drug. This is the fastest
method for drugs to enter
the bloodstream.
ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
1. INJECT - intravenously administer
the drug. This is the fastest method for
drugs to enter the bloodstream.
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ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
2. INHALE - drug is breathed in to
the lungs and then absorbed into the
bloodstream. Second fastest route.
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ROUTES OF ADMINISTRATION
3. INGEST - orally take a drug by mouth.
Slowest method because digestion is
required.
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FACTORS AFFECTING DOSAGE
1. AGE - children and the elderly
usually require smaller amounts of the
drug.
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FACTORS AFFECTING DOSAGE
2. BODY SIZE - the larger the person,
the larger the dose.
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FACTORS AFFECTING DOSAGE
3. PRESENCE OF DISEASE - if an
illness or disease is present, the dosage
may need an adjustment.
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THOUGHT:
 DO
NOW:
On a scrap piece of paper, describe an account of someone you
know who has used a drug or drugs illegally. What happened? How
did they act? Does he/she still continue using them?
** Do not put your name on the paper!! This is completely
anonymous! These will be discussed.
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Psychoactive Drug
• All
psychoactive drugs affect either
thoughts, perceptions, or moods.
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“Gateway Drug - : a drug that is thought to lead
to the use of more dangerous drugs (such as
cocaine or heroin)
The 3 main ones:
1. Tobacco
2. Alcohol
3. Marijuana
4 MAJOR TYPES OF DRUGS
1. DEPRESSANTS: These slow down
the activity of the nervous system.
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DEPRESSANT DRUGS INCLUDE:
• Alcohol
• Inhalants
- including glue, nail polish
remover, cleaning fluid, lighter fluid,
antifreeze, aerosol from cans or household
products and gasoline
• minor
tranquilizers - including Valium
• sedatives
- including Barbiturates,
Quaaludes, and PCP
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DEPRESSANT DRUGS
• ALL
DEPRESSANTS EXCEPT PCP
CAN BE OBTAINED LEGALLY
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4 MAJOR TYPES OF DRUGS
2. STIMULANTS: stimulate activity by
speeding up body activities.
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STIMULANT DRUGS INCLUDE:
• Legal
drugs - caffeine and nicotine
• Illegal
drugs – amphetamines (“uppers”),
methadrine, ecstacy, and cocaine.
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4 MAJOR TYPES OF DRUGS
• 3.
HALLUCINOGENS: these are what
distort reality and the mind. They have
no medical use and create altered
perceptions.
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HALLUNINOGENIC DRUGS INCLUDE
• Marijuana
(limited medical uses), LSD,
and mescaline.
• ALL
HALLUCINOGENS ARE ILLEGAL
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Types of Illegal Drugs
Hallucinogens
• LSD, PCP, Peyote
• Mescaline, psilocybin,
MDA, belladonna,
MDMA, mandrake
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Types of Illegal Drugs
Hallucinogens
Street use is intended to
produce “mind expansion,”
hallucinations, and
psychedelic experiences
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4 MAJOR TYPES OF DRUGS
• 4.
NARCOTICS: these have an
analgesic effect. They relieve pain and
make surgery possible, but they are
highly addictive.
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Types of Illegal Drugs
Narcotics
Opium, heroin,
morphine,
methadone,
codeine, Dilaudid
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NARCOTIC DRUGS INCLUDE:
• morphine,
codeine, and heroin
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Types of Illegal Drugs
Narcotics
Street use of
these drugs is
intended to
induce
pleasure,…
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Types of Illegal Drugs
Narcotics
…euphoria, a lack
of concern, and
general feelings of
well-being
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About Rx Drug Abuse
• What
is prescription (Rx) drug abuse?
Prescription drug abuse is when someone
takes a medication inappropriately, such
as:
Without a prescription
In a way other than as prescribed
For the “high” elicited
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The Problem
• Every
day in the United
States, 2,000 teenagers abuse
Rx drugs for the first time.
• Rx
drugs are the most
abused drug by teens after
alcohol, marijuana, and
tobacco.
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Commonly Abused Rx Drugs
• Opioids
(Narcotics) —Usually
prescribed to treat pain
• Stimulants—Most
to treat ADHD
often prescribed
• Central
nervous system (CNS)
depressants—Prescribed to treat
anxiety and sleep disorders
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Myths About Rx Drugs
Myth: Prescription drugs are safer
to abuse than other drugs because
they are prescribed by a doctor.
Myth: Using stimulant medications
such as Adderall or Ritalin can help
teens do well in school by improving
focus and energy.
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Types of Illegal Drugs
Anabolic Steroids
Used illegally
to enhance body
mass, and
increase strength
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Types of Illegal Drugs
Anabolic Steroids
• Nandrolene
• Oxandrolene
• Oxymetholone
• Stanozolol
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Types of Illegal Drugs
Inhalants
Highly volatile
substances which
generally act as central
nervous system
depressants
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Types of Illegal Drugs
Inhalants
Nitrous oxide,
carbon tetrachloride,
amyl nitrite, butyl nitrite,
chloroform, freon,
acetate and toluene
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© 2004 Pearson Education, Inc.
Drug Abuse - Why do people start?
 Feel older
 Feel cool
 Feel different
 Peer pressure
 Fit in
 Fun
Media: advertising, TV, movies, music
 Friends / family
 Relieve stress / relax
 Idea that it’s easy to quit.
 “just want to try it”
 Social crutch: feel confident in social
situations, something to handle or hold
 Deal with problems: escape, pressure,
depression, boredom
 Don’t know how to say no.
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Why Do Young Adults Try Drugs?

The top reasons given by young people include…
1. To feel grown up
2. To fit in and belong
3. To relax and feel good
4. To take risks and rebel
5. To satisfy curiosity
Source:“Keeping Youth Drug-Free” program,
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services.
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WHAT MOTIVATES DRUG USE?
• Social - peer pressure to go against your will or
normal reasoning.
• For the effect drugs have on our minds and bodies:
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SOME EFFECTS OF DRUGS:
•
•
•
•
•
•
to relieve stress; for relaxation
to relieve tension
They are curious
as an escape from reality
medicinal value
feeling of euphoria - “drug-induced high”
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SOME EFFECTS OF DRUGS:
• pleasurable effect - “high”
• apathy - sense of powerlessness arising from race,
sex, age, or social status or class
• self-fulfilling prophecy - feelings of defeat,
hopelessness, or powerlessness. Fall to others low
expectations and feel like a failure.
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WHAT DETERMINES A DRUG’S EFFECT?
1. Dosage - minimum, average, and maximum
amount used
2. Potency - the overall strength of the drug
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WHAT DETERMINES A DRUG’S EFFECT?
3. Solubility - whether the drug dissolves in fat or
water
4. Site - location in the body that the drug is intended
to affect
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WHAT DETERMINES A DRUG’S EFFECT?
5. Set - expectations/attitudes the person has that the
drug will cause to happen to them.
6. Setting - environment in which drugs are used
whether in the presence of others or done while alone
or isolated.
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ONSET OF ACTION vs. DURATION
• ONSET OF ACTION – the amount of time it takes
for a drug to take effect (begin working).
• DURATION – how long the drug’s effect will last.
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PATTERNS OF DRUG USE
• EXPERIMENTAL USE - user is curious
about the drugs effect while believing they are
in no danger. Usually low dosages are used at
first.
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PATTERNS OF DRUG USE
• SOCIAL USE - use of drugs in public or
social settings.
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PATTERNS OF DRUG USE
• SITUATIONAL USE - use of drugs to cope.
User first begins to feel a need for the drug.
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PATTERNS OF DRUG USE
• INTENSIFIED USE - use drugs repeatedly
and over a long period of time at higher doses.
Feel they cannot function without the drug(s).
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PATTERNS OF DRUG USE
• COMPULSIVE USE - user is dependent on
heavy drug use. Control is lost.
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LEVELS OF DRUG DEPENDENCE
• PSYCHOLOGICAL DEPENDENCE - first
level of drug dependence. A strong mental
desire to continue use of a drug. They become
restless, irritable, or anxious if drug is not
present.
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LEVELS OF DRUG DEPENDENCE
• TOLERANCE - STAGE 2. A decreased
response to the drugs effect. “More of the same
to achieve the same.” Also, larger doses can be
taken without overdosing.
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LEVELS OF DRUG DEPENDENCE
• PHYSICAL DEPENDENCE - the body must
have the drug in order to continue normal
functioning. Most severe stage of drug
dependence.
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LEVELS OF DRUG DEPENDENCE
• WITHDRAWAL SYNDROME - removal or
discontinuing the use of a drug.
• Sometimes, the side effects of withdrawal are so bad, drug
users take a drug to reduce withdrawal.
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LEVELS OF DRUG DEPENDENCE
– EUPHORIA – the high from a drug
– DYSPHORIA – the low from the drug often referred to as
a “crash” as the drug begins to fade away.
– To avoid the “crash”, users take more of the drug
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LEVELS OF DRUG DEPENDENCE
– Potentiation: drugs should not be combined with other
drugs. This could produce a synergistic effect where the
effect of a drug is multiplied rather than just added. Also
called Drug Interactions.
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What are drug
interactions?
Occurs when
drugs react
with another
drug, food or
dietary
supplement.
Also called
synergism or
potentiation
Could increase or
decrease the overall
effect of a drug.
• The product's active
ingredients, including the
amount in each dosage
unit.
• The purpose of the
product.
• The uses (indications)
for the product.
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• Specific warnings,
including when the product
should not be used under
any circumstances, and
when it is appropriate to
consult with a doctor or
pharmacist. This section
also describes side effects
that could occur and
substances or activities to
avoid.
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• Dosage instructions--when,
how, and how often to take
the product.
• The product's inactive
ingredients, important
information to help
consumers avoid
ingredients that may cause
an allergic reaction.
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http://www.fda.gov/Drugs/ResourcesForYou/Consumers/ucm14
3551.htm
http://www.fda.gov/drugs/emergencypreparedness/bioterrorisma
nddrugpreparedness/ucm133411.htm
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