Transcript Paul.Boase

Combating Drunk & Drugged Driving in Canada
2011 Annual Region I Conference
Baltimore, Maryland
July 19, 2011
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Canada, 2009 in Context
Population and Convictions for Impaired
Fatalities 2,209
SI
11,451
YK
34k
68
34
BC
4,243k
17,099
4,302
NT
44k
141
44
AB
3,670k
17,897 SK
5,976 1,029k
6,289
3,893
Population
33.7M
CCC DWI
88,630
CCC Traffic 57,923
Total
146,993
NU
32k
362
57
MB
1,219
3,706
1,091
NL
508k
2,174
515
QC
ON
12,665k
18,129
15,914
7,828k
16,493
24,902
NB
749k
2,426
765
NS
939k
3,142
726
PEI
141k
654
173
Road Safety in Canada
A Shared Responsibility:
Federal
Provincial/Territorial
• New vehicle safety
standards
• Criminal Code (impaired
and dangerous drivers)
• National leadership (e.g.
data, research, program
development, program
evaluation, knowledge
transfer)
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•
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Driver registration
Vehicle licensing
Enforcement
Road Infrastructure
Data and Research
Program development,
implementation &
evaluation
Canadian Council of Motor Transport
Administrators (CCMTA)
• Non-profit organization established by the provincial,
territorial and federal governments
• Promote awareness and share and exchange
information
• Pursue harmonization of road user, motor carrier and
driver/vehicle licensing regulations and policies
• Develop national models of motor vehicle
transportation programs (safety and other)
• Strategy to Reduce Impaired Driving (STRID)
Impaired Driving Penalties
Criminal Code of Canada
Provincial/Territorial
• First Offence
• Administrative
Suspensions
– 1 year prohibition from driving
– $1,000 fine
• 2nd Offence
– 2 year prohibition from driving
– $1,000 fine - 30 days in jail
• 3rd Offence
– 3 year prohibition from driving
– $5,000 fine - 120 days in jail
• Bill C2 July 2, 2008
– Increased fines
– Limited defenses
– Authorized DEC program
– >50mg% < 81mg% Short term
– > 80mg% = 90 days
– $1,000 fine
• Vehicle Impoundment
– Driving prohibited
• Assessment &
Rehabilitation
• Ignition Interlocks
– Administrative
– Program elements
STRID Interventions by
Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction
ALS
Impound
Interlock
Short Term
Suspension
Assess/
Rehab
Northwest
Territories
2004
2004
2004*
2004
2004
Yukon
1998
1998
1998
1987
----
British Columbia
1997
1997
2005
1979
2005
Alberta
1999
2002
1991
1969
1985
Saskatchewan
2001
1996
2001
1996*
1996
Manitoba
1989
1989
2001
1978 – 12 hr susp
1998 – 24 hr susp
1986
Ontario
1996
1998
1998
1981*
1998
Quebec
1997
1997
1997
----
1997
New Brunswick
2008
----
2008
1985
1991/2002
Nova Scotia
1995
----
Fall 2008
1999*
1984
Prince Edward
Island
1997
1997
2006
1987
1997
Newfoundland
2003
2003
2003
1995
1995
The Data
• National Fatality Database
– Coroner and Medical Examiners
– Classified substances into 7 categories used by the
Drug Evaluation and Classification program
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•
•
•
•
•
CNS Depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines)
Inhalants (e.g., toluene, nitrous oxide)
Dissociative Anaesthetics (e.g., ketamine, PCP)
Cannabis
CNS Stimulants (e.g., cocaine, amphetamines)
Hallucinogens (e.g., LSD, ecstasy)
Narcotic Analgesics (e.g., codeine, oxycontin)
• Police Collision Data
• Roadside surveys
Number and Percent of Motor Vehicle Deaths*
Involving a Drinking Driver: 1995-2009
70
1400
1296
1097
1200
1070
986
906
Percent
50
40
39
36
35
34
30
864
30
874 850
33
30
907
902
815
32
31
851
30
1000
863
790
33
30
32
34
710
800
33
600
20
Percent
Number
10
400
200
0
0
*
* Alcohol Crash Problem in Canada, 2009, preliminary data
Number
60
Number of Non-drinking and Drinking Fatally
Injured Drivers and Percent Positive for
Alcohol: 1990-2009
* Alcohol Crash Problem in Canada, 2009, preliminary data
Drugs and Driving
• Early stages but can measure prevalence
– Self-report surveys
– Roadside surveys
– Fatality Database
• Dose/Response
– Experimental Data
• Effects of drugs on various skills and abilities (DRUID)
– Epidemiological Data
• Drivers involved in crashes
• Case-control
• Culpability analysis
• Case-cross over
Roadside Survey
Alcohol and Drug by Age
Roadside Survey
Alcohol and Drug by Day
Roadside Survey
Alcohol and Drug by Time
Percentage
Fatally Injured Drivers Testing Positive for
Drugs or Alcohol by Year
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Alcohol
2005
Drugs
2006
2007
2008
Percentage
Fatally Injured Drivers Testing Positive for
Drugs or Alcohol by Year
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
Alcohol
2005
Drugs
2006
2007
2008
Fatally Injured Drivers
Alcohol and Drugs by Gender
Fatally Injured Drivers Drug and Alcohol
Positive Cases by Time
Alcohol
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Drugs
71.6
49.4
38.2
34.3
16.8
Midnight to 6am
6am to noon
30.9
32.8
18.9
Noon to 6pm
6pm to midnight
Fatally Injured Drivers
Drug Categories by Age
Depressant
Cannabis
Stimulant
Narcotic
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
16-19
20-24
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
64-75
75+
Conclusions
• Drug impaired driving is different than alcohol
impaired driving in many substantive ways
• More research on dose response relationship
with key drugs is required
• Zero Tolerance vs. Per Se Laws
• Safety vs. Drug Control
• Application of penalties may need to be reviewed
• Training of prescribing physicians
Questions?
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www.tc.gc.ca/roadsafety
www.ccmta.ca
www.tirf.ca
www.ccsa.ca
• [email protected]