Transcript Drug Educationx

Drug Recognition and Awareness
By: Michaela Sample
(Mukila)
What are the Drugs our KIDS
are facing today?
Targeted Areas Addressed
Community Impact of
Substance Abuse
Current Drug Trends
Signs and Symptoms
Aspects of Chemical
Dependency
Drugs and the Workplace
32% of workers stated a co-workers drug/alcohol use effected their job
performance. When an employee is impaired on the job:
– Productivity in employee and surrounding employees
– Drug use in the work place has a ripple effect. Not only is productivity reduced,
but company morale is negatively impacted, causing good employees to leave
the company to avoid drug impaired co-workers.
In 1997, 6.3 million people, or 7.7 % of the 81.8 million full-time workers age
18 to 49 reported having used illicit drugs in the past month
According to the U.S. Department of Labor, employee on-the-job substance
abuse costs employers a hundred billion dollars per year. Lost productivity,
absenteeism, additional health-care costs, accidents on the job and theft
caused by employees who use drugs can be a devastating hit to the bottom
line of every business in America.
Substance Abuse
has a specific link to
Dependence on Welfare
Abuse of Other Public Services
Domestic Violence
Homelessness
Criminal Activity
Family Distress
Child Abuse
“One in four adult
Americans (25%) lived with
an alcoholic growing up.”
NIDA: National Institute on Drug Abuse
EVERYDAY in America
2 young persons under 25 die from HIV Infection.
13 children and youths under 20 die from
firearms.
237 children are arrested for violent crimes.
420 children are arrested for drug abuse.
2,789 high school students drop out.
5,388 children are arrested.
17,152 public schools students are suspended.
Source: The Children’s Defense Fund, 1999.
Community
Drug Trends
What is a drug?
Any substance taken into the human body
that impairs physical and mental ability.
Three Most Prevalent Drugs
of Abuse:
Alcohol
Cigarettes
Marijuana
Source: Monitoring the Future Survey, Institute for
Social Research, University of Michigan, 1999.
Tobacco Statistics
Tobacco use kills more than 440,000
people every year in the U.S.
Tobacco kills more than AIDS, alcohol,
murders, car crashes, suicides, fires and
drugs COMBINED
“ In the United States alone, nearly
3,000 kids become smokers
every day. One third of them will
eventually die from their
addiction.”
NIDA: National Institute on Drug Abuse
Young people use tobacco
because:
– They think everyone else is doing it
– They think they can stop before becoming
addicted
– They can’t get out of situations when asked to
use
Teens and Alcohol
Among the 113 million US drinkers, 10 million are
underage and 33 million binge drink.
It is estimated that 14 million Americans need treatment
for Alcohol problems.
Alcohol related deaths outnumber drug deaths 4 to 1.
Costs of alcohol abuse are 50% greater than all illicit
drug abuse costs combined.
Alcohol is the drug of choice among youth. More
teenagers drink than use all of the illicit drugs combined.
Source: Keeping Score 1999. Carnegie Corporation of New York.
By the end of high school…
80% of American teenagers have consumed
alcohol
51% by the end of 8th grade
(Monitoring the Future Study, 2001)
Devastating Consequences
Alcohol is a factor in the 4 leading causes
of death among persons ages 10 to 24
1.
2.
3.
4.
Motor vehicle crashes
Unintentional injuries
Homicide
Suicide (Alcohol is a CNS Depressant)
Something to think about…
If the onset of drinking is delayed by 5 years, a
child’s risk of serious alcohol problems is
decreased by 50%.
Community Anti-Drug Coalitions of America
April 22, 2002
Remember…Lead by Example..
Kids do what you do!
Narcotics
(Painkillers)
Heroin
Prescription
Pills
Heroin
Extremely addictive
Can get addicted after
first use
Tolerance builds up
quick – need more
and more to achieve
the same high/effect
Possible Effects
• Euphoria
• Drowsiness
• Respiratory
depression
• Constricted pupils
“pin point pupils”
• Nausea
•
•
•
•
•
Effects of
Overdose
Slow and shallow
breathing
Clammy skin
Convulsions
Coma
Possible Death
Withdrawal Syndrome: Watery eyes, runny nose,
yawning, loss of appetite, irritability, tremors,
panic, cramps, nausea, chills and sweating
Stimulants
Methamphetamine
Cocaine
Some major differences between:
Methamphetamine and Cocaine
Meth
Chemical derived
Brown (depending on the
process can be lighter in color)
Longer duration of
effects
– 4-8 hours if injected,
snorted, or inhaled
– 12-20 hours if smoked
(ICE)
Coke
Plant derived
White
Shorter duration of
effects
– 60-90 minutes
Cocaine
Cocaine, the most potent stimulant
of natural origin, is extracted from
the leaves of the coca plant
(Erythroxylon). It was originally
used in South America in the mid19th century by natives of the
region to relieve fatigue
In its pure form, cocaine (cocaine
hydrochloride) is a white crystalline
powder extracted from the leaves of
the South American coca plant.
Used in 1880 as local anesthetic up
until the early 1900’s
On the street, pure cocaine is
diluted or "cut" with other
substances such as lactose,
inositol, mannitol, and local
anesthetics such as lidocaine to
increase the volume of the
substance and the profits of the
drug dealer.
Death caused by too much cocaine
(an overdose) is not uncommon.
Cocaine can cause large increases
in blood pressure that may result in
bleeding within the brain.
Crack Cocaine
Freebasing is also a common
method of using a form of
cocaine called "crack". Crack
resembles small pieces of rock
and is often called "rock" on the
street.
Many users report being
"hooked" after only one use.
The addiction is both
psychological and physical.
The term "crack" refers to the
crackling sound heard when the
substance is heated,
presumably from the sodium
bicarbonate that is used in the
production of crack.
Possible Effects
 Increased alertness
 Excitation
 Euphoria
 Increased pulse &
blood pressure
 Insomnia
 Loss of appetite
Effects of Overdose
 Agitation
 Increased body
temperature
 Hallucinations
 Convulsions
 Possible Death
Withdrawal Syndrome: apathy, long periods of
sleep, irritability, depression, disorientation.
“Arizona 6th graders are more likely
to use methamphetamine than high
school seniors nationwide.”
Arizona Profile Report, 1997
More about Methamphetamine
No sleep
Paranoia
Twitching
Pick hair
Rub skin – rashes
Hallucinations
– Increased body
temperature
– Brain swells
– HALLUCINATE!
Methcathinone
Bathtub Speed, Cadillac Express, CAT, Ephedrone, Gaggers, Goob, Mulka,
Speed, Wildcat Wonderstar, The C
Methcathinone is a dangerous
addictive drug that is cheap and easy
to manufacture. The drug is made from
a mixture of battery acid, Drano, and
over-the-counter asthma medication
and can be manufactured in home
kitchens.
Cannabis
Blunts
Marijuana
3 times the nicotine
than regular tobacco
and 5 times the
amount of tar
Hallucinogens
PCP, Psilocybin Mushrooms, Angel
Dust, LSD, 2CB, Mescaline
PCP
Originated as a
horse/elephant
tranquilizer
Pain receptors are
blocked
– May have slower reaction
(take a while to answer a
question) OR be combative
(can’t feel pain)
Sherms – marijuana and
cigarettes mixed with
PCP and/or formaldehyde
Inhalants
There are over 1,400 different products that can
be used to get high
These range from solvents to aerosols
Inhalants
Not classified as drugs, classified as poisons
“Inhalants kill more first time users than any
other substance used as a drug” Buzzed, 1998
– SSD Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome
Deprives oxygen to the brain
Examples:
– paints, whip cream canisters, markers, whiteout,
cooking spray, superglue, gasoline, nitrous oxide
“whippets”, aerosols – hairspray, etc.
Over the Counter Meds (OTC)
Dextromethorphan (DXM)
DXM is a substance found in over-the-counter (OTC) cough and cold medications
DXM is related to opiates in its make-up
Produces mind-altering highs.
Those hoping to achieve a high often exceed the recommended safe dosage, a
daunting prospect for anyone who's ever gagged on a mere two tablespoons of
cough syrup.
Misuse of the drug creates both depressant and mild hallucinogenic effects.
It also acts as a dissociative anesthetic, similar to PCP and ketamine. :
A Risky High
Sought-after (opiate) effects include:
Hallucinations
Dissociation
Euphoria
Mania-like symptoms such as thoughts racing
Heightened perceptual awareness
Lethargy
Perceptual distortion
Commonly Used Terms
DXM
Robo
Skittles
Vitamin D
Dex
Tussin
No limit on Robitussin, although DXM in it
Sudafed
Pseudoephedrine found
in it (main ingredient in
Methamphetamine)
Acts like a stimulant on
CNS
Highly used and abused
Dangerous
Regulations
– Can’t buy more than
4 boxes
– Locked up
More on DXM
Recent reports indicate that a powdered form of DXM is available on the
Internet. Internet sites also inform young users to drink cough syrup
expeditiously in order to absorb enough DXM from the drink prior to the
impending incidence of vomiting which will occur as a result of the
ingestion of the large volume of syrup required for intoxication.
Source: DEA Diversion Control Program, August 2001
Teens have been reported to drink three or four bottles of cough syrup in
one day and take up to 20-30 tablets of Coricidin at once. There have been
reported cases of overdoses that have resulted in coma and death.
Club Drugs
Ecstasy
(MDMA)
Ecstasy (MDMA)
Methylenedioxymethamphetamine
MDMA or Ecstasy (3-4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine) is a synthetic drug with amphetamine-like and
hallucinogenic properties.
Method: Tablet or Capsule
Effects:
 3-6 hours
 Confusion, depression, sleep problems, anxiety,
paranoia
 Increases heart rate, blood pressure, and sense
of alertness
 Dance for extended periods of time, dehydration,
hypertension, and heart or kidney failure
 High doses may cause: heart attacks, strokes,
seizures, and increase in body temperature
leading to muscle break down and kidney and
cardiovascular system failure.
NIDA: National Institute on Drug Abuse
After-Effects of Ecstasy
(Acute Withdrawal or Hangover)
Drowsiness
Muscle aches (lower back, neck & joint pain)
General fatigue
Depression (“Tuesday Morning Suicide”)
Difficulty in concentrating
Paranoia
Short-lived anxiety and irritability
Acne/skin rash
Frequent headaches (dehydration?)
Frequent stomach cramps (dehydration?)
Paraphernalia associated with
Ecstasy use
Pacifiers, Blo-Pop Suckers, popsicle sticks
Candy camouflage: M&M’s, Skittles,
Tootsie Rolls, candy necklaces, Altoids
containers, etc.
Glow-Sticks, Raver Toys and bottled water
Dust or Surgical masks
– Vick’s Vapo-Rub (smeared inside masks)
– Vick’s Vapo-Inhalers (inhaled, or blown into
face and eyes by a partner)
Paraphernalia associated with
Ecstasy use
Club Kids
Other Club Stuff…
Ecstasy and your brain
long-term damage to part of brain critical
to thought and memory
long-lasting, permanent damage to
neurons that release serotonin
GHB
(Gamma-hydroxbuterate)
GHB
(Gamma- Hydroxybutyrate)
Method: Liquid form
Effects:






Originally used for sleep disorders
A “Date Rape Drug”
10 to 20 minutes after ingestion – up to 4 hours
Relaxes or sedates the body
Makes them look like they are drunk
High doses: slows breathing and heart rate to
dangerous levels, may cause coma or death
 Low doses: relieve anxiety, produce relaxation
 Overdose Signs: drowsiness, nausea, vomiting,
headache, loss of consciousness, loss of reflexes,
impaired breathing, and ultimately death
National Institute on Drug Abuse
GHB cont.
Early sense of euphoria and intoxication
followed by drowsiness, confusion, stupor,
nausea and vomiting, HR, BP
At high doses:
– Seizures
– Coma
– Death
GHB
15 – 30 Minutes = out like a light
3 – 6 hours = no memory
8 – 10 hours later = remember
Dangerous Beliefs about GHB
The public may mistakenly perceive GHB
as a safe drug because it was only
recently made illegal in March, 2000.
GHB was previously available in health
food stores as a dietary supplement.
It’s marketed over the internet
It is prescribed for limited medical use
Roofies
(Rohypnol)
Rohypnol
Method: Tasteless and Odorless Tablet ground up or
snorted
Effects:
 Lasts for up to 8 to 12 hours
 “anterograde amnesia”- similar to blackouts
 “Date Rape” drug
 Decreased blood pressure, drowsiness, visual
disturbances, dizziness, confusion, gastrointestinal
disturbances, and urinary retention.
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Special K
(Ketamine)
Special K
(Ketamine)
Special K
(Ketamine)
Method: Snorted or Smoked
often with marijuana or tobacco products
Effects:
 High doses: delirium, amnesia, impaired
motor function, high blood pressure,
depression, and potentially fatal respiratory
problems
 Low doses: impaired attention, learning
ability, and memory.
National Institute on Drug Abuse
Special K
(Ketamine)
Cat tranquilizer
Sometimes used in surgical procedures with
small children
Less potent version of PCP
– Briefer effects 30-60 minutes (versus hours)
Sold legitimately only to hospitals and physicians
Produces a dissociative state in the CNS in which
amnesia and analgesia (loss of pain) are induced
– Vivid imagery (Colorful K-land)
– K-Hole “out of body”, near death encounters, delirium,
hallucinations
The key thing to look for is
change over time
It is important to keep an eye open for a change
in physical appearance, personality, attitude or behavior.
Physical Symptoms
Behavioral/ Psychological Symptoms
Symptoms of Specific Drugs
Physical Symptoms
Loss of appetite, increase in appetite, any
changes in eating habits, unexplained weight
loss or gain.
Slowed or staggering walk, poor physical
coordination
Inability to sleep, awake at unusual times,
unusual laziness
Red, watery eyes, pupils larger or smaller than
usual, blank stare.
Physical Symptoms
Cold, sweaty palms, shaking hands.
Puffy face, blushing or paleness.
Smell of substance on breath, body or clothes.
Extreme hyperactivity, excessive talkativeness.
Runny nose, hacking cough.
Needle marks on lower arm, leg or bottom of
feet.
Nausea, vomiting, or excessive sweating.
Tremors or shakes of hands, feet, or head.
Irregular heartbeat.
Behavioral/ Psychological
Symptoms
Attitude/personality change.
Paranoia.
Irritability or nervousness.
Secretive or suspicious behavior.
Loss of motivation.
Change in habits.
Change in activities
Sudden oversensitivity or resentful behavior
Loss of interest in hobbies, family, and friends.
Appearance has changed
Excessive need for privacy
Performance
Frequent mistakes
Missed deadlines
Minimal work effort
Accidents
Abnormal behavior
Time management
problems
Poor judgment
Inconsistent productivity
Confusion
Wide swings in morale
Chemical Dependency
is…..
 100% Treatable
 100% Fatal
 100% Preventable
Parent Power
Kids who learn about the risks of drug abuse
from their parents or caregivers are…
36% less likely to smoke marijuana
50% less likely to use inhalants
56% less likely to use cocaine
65% less likely to use LSD
What can a parent do?
If possible, arrange to have children looked after
and engaged from 3-5 p.m.
Make sure children who are unattended for
periods during the day feel your presence
Get to know the parents of your child’s friends
Call parents whose home is to be used for a party
Make it easy for your child to leave a place where
substances are being used
Set curfews and enforce them
Encourage open dialogue with your children
about their experiences
Helpful Books
Buzzed: The Straight Dope About the Most Used and
Abused Drugs from Alcohol to Ecstasy
by Cynthia Kuhn
Just Say Know: Talking with Kids about Drugs and Alcohol
by Cynthia Kuhn, Scott Swartzwelder, and
Wilkie Wilson.
This book is a powerful tool for everyone who wants to
help young people make good decisions. It provides
information clearly, succinctly, and without preaching.
The information will help parents stay calm and lay the
groundwork for conversations that are productive
and not confrontational.
Helpful Websites
www.clubdrugs.org
www.streetdrugs.org
www.health.org
www.drugfreeaz.org
www.asroa.org
Sgt. Michaela Sample
Salt River Police Department
(480) 850-8200
[email protected]