Transcript Illegal Drugs - chcssummerhealth

Illegal and Illicit
Drug Use
What Makes a Drug
Illegal?
Illegal Drugs
• Schedule I and II drugs
• Possession of these drugs is
a felony offense under
federal law
Illicit Drugs
• Drugs that are taken outside
their regulated or medically
prescribed use
• Illicit drug use is illegal
Categories of Drugs
Hallucinogens
Stimulants
Depressants
Hallucinogens
LSD
Marijuana
PCP (also a stimulant)
Psilocybin
LSD
“Acid”
How Taken
Ingested, contact
Duration of Effect
6-10 hrs
Effects
chills, anxiety, restlessness, tightness in
muscles of face and throat, queasy
stomach, tingling in the extremities,
drowsiness, dilated pupils, rapid pulse,
elevation in temp and blood pressure
colors are more vivid, sounds are louder,
depth perception is confused, sensory
crossover
effects are unpredictable
Withdrawal
None noted
Long-Term Health Problems
prolonged psychotic reactions, worsening
of pre-existing psychiatric illness, severe
depression, and/or flashbacks
Psilocybin
“Mushrooms”
How Taken
Smoked, Injested, Injected
Duration of Effect
3-6hrs
Effects
Yawning, restlessness, chills,
weakness in the legs, stomach
discomfort, nausea
Heightened visual imagery,
sense of wanting to laugh
Withdrawal
Fatigue
Long-Term Health Problems
Psychotic reactions
Exacerbations of pre-existing
mental illness
PCP
“Angel Dust”
How Taken
Ingested, smoked, snorted,
injected
Duration of Effect
8 hrs
Effects
Loss of pain sensation, slurred
speech, numbness,
depression, muscle rigidity,
lack of coordination,
combative behavior, distorted
mental images, hallucinations
Withdrawal
Depression, anxiety, irritability,
excessive sleep, craving for
PCP
Long-Term Health Effects
Auditory and visual
hallucinations, flashbacks,
possible spasms in arteries of
brain
Marijuana
How Taken
Ingested, smoked, inhaled
Duration of Effect
2-4 hrs
Effects
euphoria, relaxed inhibitions,
increased appetite, and
disorientation, dry mouth,
dizziness, heightened visual and
auditory awareness,
concentration, learning,
perception, and fine muscle skills
are impaired
Withdrawal
Insomnia, hyperactivity, decreased
appetite, nausea, diarrhea,
restlessness, irritability,
depression, anxiety, salivation,
sweating ,tremors
Long-Term Health Problems
Lung disease, weakened immune
system, impairment of memory,
schizophrenia, mental illness
Stimulants
Amphetamines
Cocaine
MDMA
Amphetamines
How Taken
Injected, smoked, snorted,
injested
Duration Effect
2-8 hours
Physical Danger
High
Addiction Potential
High
Commonly Abused
Amphetamines
Amphetamine
Adderall, Speed
Methamphetamine
Meth
Dextromethamphetamine
Ice
Methylphenidate
Ritalin
Cocaine
How Taken:
Powder:
Crack:
Freebase:
Ingested, snorted, injected, applied
Smoked, injected
Smoked
Duration of Effect
1-2 hours
Effects
increased alertness, excitation, feeling of
confidence and well-being, increased
pulse rate, increased bp, insomnia, loss of
appetite
Withdrawal
Fatigue, depression, apathy, irritability,
disorientation, lethargy, muscular aches,
abdominal pain, chills, tremors,
exhaustion, decreased consciousness
Long-Term Health Effects
Severe depression, irritability, chest
congestion, paranoia, loss of sexual
desire, memory lapses, chronic cough,
violent behavior, suicide attempts,
seizures, stomach ulcers, damage to
intestines, cocaine nose, pulmonary
edema, inflammation of the heart,
rupture of the aorta, myocardial fibrosis,
heart attack, spastic jerks
Cocaine
• 2-3% of women who give birth have used cocaine during
their pregnancy
• Cocaine babies are born prematurely, jittery, cranky, and
sensitive to stimuli. Some have strokes before they are
born and use can cause separation of the placenta from the
uterus, which cuts of the babies blood supply
• Cocaine paranoia has led people to bleed to death in the
attempt to escape an imagined infestation
• When rats and monkeys are trained to press a lever to
deliver an intravenous dose of cocaine, they press it up to
300x to get a single injection. If they are given free access,
they take it until they collapse into convulsions.
MDMA
“Ecstasy”
How Taken
Ingested, snorted, injected
Duration of Effect
3-6 hrs
Effects
increases levels of serotonin,
dopamine, and norepinephrine,
elevated mood with a feeling of
euphoria, intimacy, closeness to
others, loss of appetite, rapid
heart rate, teeth grinding, dilated
pupils, sweating, sudden death
Withdrawal
Tired, uncaring, miserable,
increase in stress, muscular aches,
abdominal pain, chills, tremors,
deep depression, lack of energy,
suicidal feelings
Long-Term Health Effects
Panic attacks, paranoid psychotic
symptoms, irreversible effect on
brain functioning, destroy nerve
terminal that releases serotonin
Depressants
Opiates
GHB
Flunitrazepam
Opiates
How Taken
Ingested, smoked, snorted, injected
Duration of Effect
2-6 hrs
Effects
Euphoria, physical, mental relaxation,
drowsiness, respiratory depression, constricted
pupils, dull facial appearance, ptosis (drooping
of upper eyelid), nausea, vasodilation, slurred
speech, impaired attention, impaired memory,
nod, mental dullness, impaired judgement,
impaired social function, overall confusion,
itching, skin rash
Withdrawal
Flu-like symptoms, watery eyes, runny nose,
yawning, sweating, loss of sppetite, tremors,
panic, muscle cramp, restless legs, nausea,
vomiting diarrhea, fever, chills, extreme
insomnia, dysphoria
Long-Term Health Effects
Impotence, constipation, risk of potency and
purity, risky behaviors of drug addiction
Commonly Abused
Opiates
Opium
Heroin
Oxycodone (Oxycontin)
Fetanyl
Morphine
GHB
“Liquid Ecstasy”
How Taken
Ingested
Duration of Effect
2-6 hrs
Effects
CNS depression, extreme
slowing of the heart, and slow,
deep respiration, blurred
vision, dizziness, stumbling,
respiratory failure, coma, and
death, Burning of the lips,
abnormally low body
temperature, nausea and
vomiting
Withdrawal
Dizziness, drowsiness,
headache, vomiting,
incontinence, trouble
breathing, temporary
amnesia, seizures,
uncontrollable shaking
Long-Term Effects
Not enough long-term studies
Flunitrazepan
“Roofies”
How Taken
Ingested, snorted
Duration of Effect
6-12hrs
Effects
Decreased blood pressure,
memory impairment,
drowsiness, visual
disturbances, dizziness,
confusion, severe intoxication,
sedation, memory loss
Withdrawal
Headache, muscle pain,
extreme anxiety, tension,
restlessness, confusion,
irritability, numbness in limbs,
feeling of loss of identity,
hallucinations, deliriums,
seizures, shock, heart failure
Long-Term Health Effects
Impaired mental functioning,
depression, physical
dependence
Schedule I vs. Schedule II
Substances
Schedule I
• High abuse potential
with no accepted
medical use.
• May not be prescribed
• Ex.: Heroin, marijuana,
LSD
Schedule II
• High abuse potential
but also an accepted
medical use
• May be prescribed with
stringent regulations
• Ex.: Morphine, cocaine,
amphetamines, and
barbituates
Legal Issues
1st Offense for manufacturing, selling, distributing, giving or possessing with the intent to
manufacture, sell, give or distribute (Va. Code Ann. at 18.2-248 and 18.2-11)
Schedule I and II drugs, and transporting into Virginia one or more ounces of cocaine
and five or more pounds of marijuana with intent to sell or distribute: not less than five
years nor more than 40 years; fine not more than $500,000.
Possession of a schedule I or II drug: not less than one year nor more than 10 years; or,
in some cases, up to 12 months and fine of $2,500. Class 5 Felony.