Transcript Drugs

Drugs
MARIJAUNA (REEFER)
 2.6 million new marijuana users in 2001
 Marijuana is the most commonly used illicit
drug in the United States
 The main active chemical in marijuana is THC
 14 million Americans age 12 and older used
marijuana at least once in the month prior to
being surveyed, and 12.2 percent of past year
marijuana users used marijuana on 300 or more
days in the past 12 months. This translates into
3.1 million people using marijuana on a daily or
almost daily basis over a 12-month period(1).
 The short-term effects of marijuana can
include problems with memory and learning;
distorted perception; difficulty in thinking and
problem solving; loss of coordination; and
increased heart rate
MARIJUANA Continued…
 user’s risk of heart attack more
than quadruples in the first hour
after smoking marijuana
 Slightly more than half of youth
age 12 to 17 indicated that it
would be fairly or very easy to
obtain marijuana, but only 26.0
percent of 12- or 13-year-olds
indicated the same thing.
However, 79.0 percent of those
age 16 or 17 indicated that it
would be fairly or very easy to
obtain marijuana
 marijuana smoke contains 50 to
70 percent more carcinogenic
hydrocarbons than does tobacco
smoke
PCP (ANGEL DUST)
 PCP (phencyclidine) was developed in the 1950s as an
intravenous anesthetic
 snorted, smoked, or ingested
 After using PCP once, many people will not
knowingly use it again. Others attribute their
continued use to feelings of strength, power,
invulnerability, and a numbing effect on the mind.
1.6 percent of high school seniors reported
lifetime** use of PCP; annual use was reported by 0.7
percent of seniors, and 30-day use was reported by
0.4 percent
 3.0 percent of the population aged 12 and older have
used PCP at least once. Lifetime use of PCP was
highest among those aged 35 or older (3.6 percent),
compared with people 26 or older (3.3 percent), 18 to
25 (3.0 percent) and those aged 12 to 17 (0.8 percent
PCP Continued...
 memory loss,
difficulties with speech
and thinking,
depression, and weight
loss. These symptoms
can persist up to a year
after stopping PCP use
 At high doses of PCP,
blood pressure, pulse
rate, and respiration
drop. This may be
accompanied by nausea,
vomiting, blurred
vision, flicking up and
down of the eyes,
drooling, loss of
balance, and dizziness
HEROIN (SMACK, SKAG)
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studies suggest a shift from injecting heroin to snorting or
smoking because of increased purity and the misconception
that these forms are safer.
Heroin is processed from morphine, a naturally occurring
substance extracted from the seedpod of the Asian poppy
plant
After an injection of heroin, the user reports feeling a surge
of euphoria ("rush") accompanied by a warm flushing of the
skin, a dry mouth, and heavy extremities. Following this
initial euphoria, the user goes "on the nod," an alternately
wakeful and drowsy state. Mental functioning becomes
clouded due to the depression of the central nervous system
STEROIDS
 If you take steroids you still have to
work out to get a buff body - they
are not a "bod” in a bottle".
 Steroids cause terrible acne and
acne scarring, not to mention the
dreaded "backne" (acne on the back).
 "Roid Rage" exists and is scary not
only for the anger recipient, but
also for the person having the rage.
 Steroid use in teens can stunt
normal growth and development
 Steroid use can cause hair loss,
excessive acne, formation of "mini
breasts" or extra tissue around the
nipples, impotency, penile shrinking
and low to no sperm production in
teen aged boys - many of these
effects are irreversible.
STEROIDS Continued
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Steroid use can cause facial hair, deepening of the voice,
clitoral enlargement, breast shrinkage, hair loss, and
menstrual irregularities in teen aged girls - many of
these effects are irreversible..
Steroids cause liver damage, jaundice, high blood
pressure, severe acne, trembling, heart arhythmia and
inability to properly regulate body temperature.
There are withdrawl symptoms involved in quitting
steroids including; illness, dizziness, vision problems,
anxiety, depression and tremors.
Steroids cause behavioral abnormalities like; excessive
anger, paranoia, ego centricity, frustration, mistrust and
aggression and these changes can last even after the
steroid use has stopped.
Steroid use robs you of the satisfaction of succeeding on
your own athletic merits.
STEROIDS continued
 Regarding the ease by which one can
obtain steroids, 19.7% of eighth
graders, 29.6% of tenth graders, and
42.6% of twelfth graders surveyed in
2004 reported that steroids were
"fairly easy" or "very easy" to obtain.
During 2004 55.7% of twelfth graders
surveyed reported that using
steroids was a "great risk."
ECSTASY (Thizz, E)
 The main active ingredient in ecstasy is MDMA.
MDMA stimulates the release of the
neurotransmitter serotonin from brain
neurons, producing a high that lasts from
several minutes to an hour.
 The drug's rewarding effects vary with the
individual taking it, the dose and purity, and
the environment in which it is taken.
 MDMA can produce stimulant effects such as an
enhanced sense of pleasure and self-confidence
and increased energy.
 Its psychedelic effects include feelings of
peacefulness, acceptance, and empathy. Users
claim they experience feelings of closeness
with others and a desire to touch them. Because
MDMA engenders feelings of closeness and trust
and has a short duration of action, some
clinicians claim that the drug is potentially
valuable as a psychotherapeutic agent.
ECSTASY continued
 MDMA users may encounter problems similar to
those experienced by amphetamine and cocaine
users, including addiction.
 In addition to its rewarding effects, MDMA's
psychological effects can include confusion,
depression, sleep problems, anxiety, and
paranoia during, and sometimes weeks after,
taking the drug.
 Physical effects can include muscle tension,
involuntary teeth-clenching, nausea, blurred
vision, faintness, and chills or sweating.
Increases in heart rate and blood pressure are a
special risk for people with circulatory or
heart disease.
ECSTASY continued
 MDMA-related fatalities at raves have been
reported. The stimulant effects of the drug,
which enable the user to dance for extended
periods, combined with the hot, crowded
conditions usually found at raves can lead
to dehydration, hyperthermia, and heart or
kidney failure.
 MDMA use damages brain serotonin neurons.
Serotonin is thought to play a role in
regulating mood, memory, sleep, and
appetite. Recent research indicates heavy
MDMA use causes persistent memory
problems in humans.
LSD (Acid)
 LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide), commonly
called "acid," is the most powerful known
hallucinogen - a drug that radically changes a
person's mental state by distorting the
perception of reality to the point where, at
high doses, hallucinations occur. Although it is
derived from a fungus that grows on rye and
other grains, LSD is semi-synthetic. It is
chemically manufactured in illicit
laboratories, except for a small amount which
is produced legally for research.
 Short-term effects appear soon after a single
dose and disappear within a few hours or days.
Appearing first are physical effects including:
numbness; muscle weakness and trembling;
rapid reflexes; increased blood pressure, heart
rate, and temperature; impaired motor skills
and coordination; dilated pupils; nausea; and,
occasionally, seizures.
LSD continued...
 Long-term effects appear after repeated use
over a lengthy period, or some time after the
short-term effects of a single dose have worn
off. "Flashbacks" (unpredictable, spontaneous
recurrences of the original LSD experience
without the user's taking the drug again) can
occur weeks, months, or even up to a year after
the last encounter with the drug. Typically,
flashbacks last only a few minutes or less and
are usually visual images ranging from
formless colors to frightening hallucinations.
The cause of the flashbacks is unknown, but
they frequently occur after an LSD user smokes
cannabis.
 Availability of LSD tends to vary with its
popularity on the street.
LSD continued...
 If tried by summary conviction, a first offender
charged with possession faces a maximum
penalty of $1,000 and six months imprisonment.
There is a maximum penalty of $2,000 and one
year imprisonment for subsequent offences. If
tried by indictment, LSD possession carries a
maximum penalty of $5,000 and three years
imprisonment.
 Trafficking and possession for the purposes of
trafficking, if tried by summary conviction, are
punishable by a maximum of 18 months
imprisonment. If tried by indictment, these
offences carry a maximum of 10 years
imprisonment.
ALCOHOL
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1 can of beer (12 oz; 4-5% alcohol)
1 glass of wine (4 oz; 12% alcohol)
1 shot of most liquors (1 oz; 40-50% alcohol)
In 2003, 31 percent of drivers age 15 to 20 who died in
traffic accidents had been drinking alcohol.
 "Binge" drinking means having five or more drinks on
one occasion. Studies show that more than 35
percent of adults with an alcohol problem developed
symptoms--such as binge drinking--by age 19
 Research shows that 71 percent of people 12-20
haven't had a drink in the past month.
 Average # of Drinks Blood Alcohol Content Behavior
 1-2 Drinks .05% Feeling of well being Release of
inhibitions Judgment impaired Coordination & level
of alertness lowered Increase risk of collision while
driving
 3-5 Drinks.10%Reaction time significantly
slowed Muscle control and speech impaired Limited
night and side vision Loss of self-control Crash
risk greatly increased
 6-7 Drinks.15%Consistent and major increases in
reaction time8-10 Drinks.20%Loss of equilibrium and
technical skills Sensory and motor capabilities
depressed Double vision & legal blindness
(20/20) Unfit to drive for up to 10 hour
 10-14 Drinks.20% and .25%Staggering and severe
motor disturbances10-14 Drinks.30%Not aware of
surroundings10-14 Drinks.35%Surgical anesthesia
Lethal dosage for a small % of people
 14-20 Drinks .40% Lethal dosage for about 50% of
people Severe circulatory/ respiratory depression
Alcohol poisoning/overdose
COCAINE (HAPPY DUST)
 Beginning in 1965, the
estimated incidence of
cocaine use rose steadily to
its 1983 peak (1.5 million new
users).
 Incidence among 12 to 17 year
olds has not varied as
greatly over the years, but
peaked in 1980 at 0.3 million
new users
 The word "cocaine" refers to
the drug in both a powder
(cocaine) and crystal (crack)
form. It is made from the
coca plant and causes a
short-lived high that is
immediately followed by
opposite, intense feelings of
depression, edginess, and a
craving for more of the drug.
COCAINE continued…
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People who use cocaine often don't eat or sleep regularly
Using cocaine can make you feel paranoid, angry, hostile, and
anxious, even when you're not high.
Cocaine use can cause heart attacks, seizures, strokes, and
respiratory failure. People who share needles can also
contract hepatitis, HIV/AIDS, or other diseases
Red, bloodshot eyes
A runny nose or frequently sniffing
A change in eating or sleeping patterns
A change in groups of friends
A change in school grades or behavior
Acting withdrawn, depressed, tired, or careless about personal
appearance
Losing interest in school, family, or activities he or she used to
enjoy
Frequently needing money
According to a 1998 study, less than 1 percent of teens are
regular cocaine users. In fact, 98 percent of teens have never
even tried cocaine.
METHAMPHETAMINES,
SPECIFICALLY CRYSTAL METH
 most hyper-charged member of the amphetamine
drug family
 illegal forms of the drug often have a strong
ammonia smell, due to incomplete clearing of
solvents or reagents
 increases arousal in the central nervous system by
pumping up levels of two neurotransmitters,
norepinephrine and dopamine.
 At low doses, it boosts alertness and blocks hunger
and fatigue.
 At higher doses, it causes exhilaration and euphoria.
 At very high doses, the drug can cause agitation,
paranoia, and bizarre behavior.
 Physical effects include increased heart rate, blood
pressure, and body temperature.
CRYSTAL METH
CONTINUED...
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Desoxyn®, a prescription form of
methamphetamine, is prescribed
as a temporary treatment for
obesity.
Anxiety, emotional swings, and
paranoia are the most common
psychological effects of chronic
use. Symptoms increase with
long-term use, and can involve
paranoid delusions and
hallucinations.
Violence and self-destructive
behavior are common. Overdose is
also a risk with crystal.
Symptoms include fever,
convulsions, and coma. Death can
result from burst blood vessels in
the brain (triggered by spikes in
blood pressure) or heart failure.
Made in bootleg labs. You never
know what else is in the Crystal
Meth.