Transcript Presentation

CHAPTER 23, LESSON 3
MARIJUANA, INHALANTS, & STEROIDS
OBJECTIVES
• ANALYZE CONSEQUENCES (LEGAL, PHYSICAL,
MENTAL) OF USING THESE DRUGS.
• ANALYZE & APPLY STRATEGIES FOR AVOIDING
USE OF THESE DRUGS
• EXPLAIN THE NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF COMBINING
ALCOHOL WITH DRUGS.
MARIJUANA
• CANNABIS, PLANT WHOSE LEAVES, BUDS, AND FLOWERS ARE USUALLY SMOKED FOR THEIR
INTOXICATING EFFECTS.
• ALSO KNOWN AS GRASS, WEED, OR POT.
• MOST WIDELY USED OF ALL ILLEGAL DRUGS.
• THC, the main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana, is stored in body fat and traces of it can
be present in the blood for as long as a month.
• HASHISH/HASH: STRONGER FORM OF MARIJUANA.
• GATEWAY DRUG: DRUG THAT MAY LEAD TO THE USER TO TRY OTHER, MORE DANGEROUS
DRUGS.
• ALL FORMS OF MARIJUANA ARE MIND-ALTERING AND CAN DAMAGE THE USER’S HEALTH.
• COMBINED WITH OTHER DRUGS, EFFECTS ARE UNPREDICTABLE AND DANGEROUS.
• USERS CAN EXPERIENCE SLOW MENTAL REFLEXES AND MAY SUFFER FROM SUDDEN FEELINGS OF
ANXIETY AND PARANOIA, AN IRRATIONAL SUSPICIOUSNESS OR DISTRUST OF OTHERS.
Health Risks of Marijuana
Increased appetite
In females, risk of infertility
Increased risk of stillbirth and
birth defects
In males, lowered sperm count
and testosterone levels
Changed hormone levels
DEBATE TIME…
ARE YOU, FOR OR AGAINST
MARIJUANA???
MARIJUANA
DEBATE
AGAINST
• STUDIES SHOW PEOPLE WHO USE ARE 17 TIMES MORE LIKELY TO USE “HARD DRUGS” EX. COCAINE THAN A
NON USER.
• 400 CHEMICALS *JUST IN THE PLANT*
• RESEARCHERS AT DUKE UNIVERSITY RECENTLY CONCLUDED A STUDY OF MORE THAN 1,000
PEOPLE FROM THE TIME THEY WERE BORN UNTIL THEY REACHED THE AGE OF 38.
• STUDIES WERE PERFORMED PERIODICALLY THROUGHOUT THEIR LIVES, AND WERE
CAREFULLY CONTROLLED TO ENSURE TEST SUBJECTS DID NOT HAVE ANY OTHER DRUG
OR ALCOHOL ADDICTIONS OR PSYCHOLOGICAL DISORDERS, AND WERE NOT HIGH AT THE
TIME OF THE TEST.
• THEY FOUND THAT THOSE WHO USED POT MORE THAN ONCE WEEKLY BEFORE AGE
18 DISPLAYED MORE SEVERELY IMPAIRED INTELLIGENCE, SLOWER REACTION TIMES,
SHORTER ATTENTION SPANS, AND POORER LISTENING SKILLS THAN THOSE WHO
BEGAN USING MARIJUANA AFTER AGE 18.
Against Continued
Brain is fully developed by (mid 20’s – early 30’s)
• BRAINS OF TEENAGERS WHO ARE HEAVY POT USERS HAVE:
• LOWER BLOOD FLOW, DEVELOP ABNORMAL NEURON CONNECTIONS, AND SHOW INEFFICIENT BRAIN ACTIVATION
PATTERNS.
• ALL OF THESE PHYSICAL FEATURES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH POOR MEMORY, ATTENTION, IMPULSE CONTROL, ORGANIZATION,
AND TIME MANAGEMENT.
• TEENAGERS WHO USE WEED DAILY HAVE INCREASED RATES OF DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND PSYCHOSIS LATER IN LIFE.
(PSYCHOSIS MEANS SOMEONE HAS LOST CONNECTION WITH REALITY—I.E., THEY SEE AND/OR HEAR THINGS THAT DON'T EXIST.)
• SCIENTISTS CANNOT CONCLUDE WHETHER HEAVY WEED USE CAUSES PSYCHOSIS AMONG PEOPLE WHO OTHERWISE
WOULDN'T DEVELOP SYMPTOMS, OR WHETHER PEOPLE WHO ARE PREDISPOSED TO BEING PSYCHOTIC TEND TO SEEK
OUT WEED TO HELP THEM DEAL WITH THE WORLD.
• BUT WHATEVER THE CASE, PSYCHOSIS AND HEAVY POT USE IN ADOLESCENCE ARE LINKED.
• DOPAMINE IS PART OF THE PLEASURE/REWARD SYSTEM IN THE BRAIN, WHICH IS ACTIVELY DEVELOPING UNTIL
ADULTHOOD; MESSING WITH IT DURING ADOLESCENCE CAN CAUSE DAMAGE.
•
DECREASED DOPAMINE SIGNALS IN TEENAGE POT SMOKERS' BRAINS HAVE BEEN OBSERVED AFTER PROLONGED USE,
MEANING GETTING HIGH BECOMES MORE DIFFICULT.
• IN OTHER WORDS, THE MORE WEED A TEEN SMOKES NOW, THE LESS HAPPY WEED WILL MAKE HIM OR HER OVER TIME.
THIS CAN MAKE TEENAGERS WHO USE HEAVILY MORE PRONE TO DEPRESSION, ANXIETY, AND ADDICTION.
MARIJUANA
DEBATE
FOR
• IF IT IS BAD, WHY DOES IT FEEL GOOD????
• SAME REASON WEED MAKES ADULTS FEEL GOOD: IT RELEASES DOPAMINE INTO THE BRAIN. WHEN YOU GET HIGH, DOPAMINE
SIGNALS TELL YOUR NEURONS THAT IT FEELS GOOD AND YOU SHOULD DO IT AGAIN.
•
DOPAMINE DOES THE SAME THING WHEN YOU HAVE SEX, LISTEN TO MUSIC, OR EAT JUNK FOOD.
• CAN WE DEFINITIVELY SAY POT CAUSES NEGATIVE CHANGES IN DEVELOPING BRAINS???
• NO. AGAIN, CAUSATION HAS NOT BEEN DETERMINED IN THESE MARIJUANA STUDIES.
•
HOWEVER, IT IS TRUE THAT A VERY CLEAR RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TEENAGE POT USE AND DECREASED COGNITIVE FUNCTION AND MENTAL
HEALTH IS DEMONSTRATED ACROSS THE SCIENTIFIC COMMUNITY.
• NEW YORK UNIVERSITY RECENTLY CONDUCTED A STUDY TO DETERMINE WHETHER PEOPLE USE HARDER DRUGS
FOR THE SAME REASONS THEY USE MARIJUANA.
• THE STUDY, PUBLISHED IN THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE, PRIMARILY LOOKED AT HIGH SCHOOL SENIORS’
REASONS FOR SMOKING MARIJUANA AND HOW THEY RELATED TO OTHER-DRUG USE.
•
BOREDOM WAS AMONG THE MOST COMMON REASONS FOR USING MARIJUANA, WITH 31.3 PERCENT OF TEENS SAYING IT WAS WHY THEY USED IT.
FOR CONTINUED:
• Study carried out by medical researchers at two American universities (Pittsburgh and Rutgers).
• Followed 408 teenagers from the age of 14 through to 36.
• Just under a quarter of the participants were voracious stoners in teen hood and later life, under half were
low or non-users and some only smoked during their teenage years, giving up as they got older.
• It’s commonly thought that smoking a lot of weed while the body develops can have adverse affects on mental
health later on in life.
• However, this study found that the teenagers who heavily indulged were no more likely to suffer from
depression, anxiety or schizophrenia in adulthood. Even the scientists were surprised.
• Nicholas Jackson of the University of Southern California (1/8/2016)
• first study of its kind, scientists have analyzed long-term marijuana use in teens, comparing IQ changes in twin siblings who
either used or abstained from marijuana for 10 years.
• After taking environmental factors into account, the scientists found no measureable link between marijuana and IQ
levels.
• Marijuana users lost about four IQ points over the course of the study. But their abstinent twin siblings showed a similar
pattern of decline, suggesting that the loss of mental sharpness was due to something other than pot.
POLITICS: FOR OR AGAINST??
Medical Marijuana: TED TALKS
INHALANTS
• SUBSTANCES WHOSE FUMES ARE SNIFFED OR
INHALED TO GIVE EFFECT.
• INHALED TO GIVE THE USER A “HIGH”.
• SOLVENTS, AEROSOLS, GLUES, PAINTS,
VARNISHES, AND GASOLINE CAN CAUSE BRAIN
DAMAGE.
• MOST DEPRESS THE CENTRAL NERVOUS
SYSTEM.
• EXTREMELY DANGEROUS, MANY ARE LABELED
AS POISONS.
Inhalants
paralysis
liver and kidney damage
Inhaling solvents, aerosols,
glues, paints, varnishes,
and gasoline can cause
blindness
brain damage
cardiac arrest
death
Immediate Effects of Inhalants
glassy stare
coughing
slurred speech
nosebleeds
impaired judgment
fatigue
nausea
lack of coordination
STEROIDS
• SYNTHETIC SUBSTANCES SIMILAR TO MALE SEX HORMONE, TESTOSTERONE.
• ANABOLIC – MUSCLE BUILDING *MOST COMMONLY ABUSED*
• ANDROGENIC – INCREASED MALE CHARACTERISTICS
• ANY NONMEDICAL USE OF STEROIDS IS ILLEGAL
Effects on Men
Effects on Women
Shrinking testicles, reduced sperm count, baldness,
development of breasts, increased risk of prostate cancer
Facial hair, baldness, menstrual cycle changes, a
deepened voice
STEROIDS
• SYNTHETIC SUBSTANCES SIMILAR TO MALE SEX HORMONE, TESTOSTERONE.
• ANABOLIC – MUSCLE BUILDING
• *MOST COMMONLY ABUSED*
• ADDED TO SCHEDULE III OF THE CONTROLLED SUBSTANCES ACT IN THE ANABOLIC STEROIDS CONTROL ACT OF 1990, WHICH MADE THEM ILLEGAL.
• ANDROGENIC – HAS ANABOLIUC EFFECTS ON BONES, SKELETAL MUSCLE, AND VOCAL CORDS
•
USED TO TREAT MUSCLE AND BONE DEGENERATION
•
ANY NONMEDICAL USE OF STEROIDS IS ILLEGAL
• CORTICO- ARTIFICIAL CORTISONE,
•
MEDICALLY INJECTED REDUCES INFLAMMATION AND INJURY
• LEGAL UNDER MEDICAL USE.
STEROIDS
• ANABOLIC – “MUSCLE BUILDING”
• MOST COMMON ANABOLIC STEROIDS TAKEN TODAY:
• ANADROL: SYNETHIC MALE HORMONE CREATED TO TREAT LOW RED BLOOD CELL COUNTS (ANEMIA)
• OXANDRIN: USED TO HELP YOU REGAIN WEIGHT LOST AFTER SURGERY, SEVERE TRAUMA, OR
CHRONIC INFECTIONS. ALSO USED IN PEOPLE WHO CANNOT GAIN OR MAINTAIN A HEALTHY WEIGHT
FOR UNKNOWN MEDICAL REASONS.
• DIANABOL: DEVELOPED FOR THE SOLE PURPOSE OF ENHANCING ATHLETIC PERFORMANCE IN-ORDER
TO CRUSH THE SOVIET UNION AT THE OLYMPIC GAMES, SINCE ITS INCEPTION DIANABOL HAS BEEN A
FAVORITE OF NEARLY EVERY PERFORMANCE ENHANCER ON EARTH.
• MOST FAVORED AND WIDELY USED ANABOLIC STEROID IN ALL FORMS OF ATHLETICS.
• WINSTROL: “WINNY” USED IN THE TREATMENT OF HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA, WHICH CAUSES
EPISODES OF SWELLING OF THE FACE, EXTREMITIES, GENITALS, BOWEL WALL, AND THROAT. MAY
DECREASE THE FREQUENCY AND SEVERITY OF THESE ATTACKS.
• DECA-DURABOLIN: FIRST USE WAS PRESCRIBED FOR MUSCLE WASTING DISEASES, SUCH AS HIV (AIDS).
• EQUIPOISE: VETERINARIAN STEROID, INTENDED USE WAS IN THE HORSE AND CATTLE INDUSTRY.
ANDROGENIC – INCREASED
STEROIDS
MALE SEXUAL CHARACTERSITCS . USED TO TREAT MUSCLE AND BONE DEGENERATION.
• MOST COMMON ANDROGENIC STEROIDS TAKEN TODAY:
• ANAVAR: USED TO RELIEVE BONE PAIN DUE TO BONE LOSS (OSTEOPOROSIS)
• CLENBUTEROL: “CLEN”, THERAPEUTIC DRUG FOR ASTHMA AND COPD, APPROVED FOR
HUMAN USE IN SOME COUNTRIES IN EUROPE (BULGARIA AND RUSSIA) AND ASIA (CHINA).
• ALSO PRESCRIBED FOR TREATMENT OF HORSES, BUT EQUINE USE IS USUALLY THE LIQUID FORM.
• USED DURING THE “CUTTING” PHASE.
• TESTOSTERONE: USED IN MEN AND BOYS TO TREAT CONDITIONS CAUSED BY A LACK OF THIS HORMONE,
SUCH AS DELAYED PUBERTY, IMPOTENCE, OR OTHER HORMONAL IMBALANCES.
• TESTOSTERONE INJECTION IS ALSO USED IN WOMEN TO TREAT BREAST CANCER THAT HAS SPREAD TO OTHER PARTS OF
THE BODY.
• TRENBOLONE: “TREN”, VETERINARY STEROID INTENDED TO BE USED IN CATTLE IN ORDER TO
INCREASE THE LEAN TISSUE OF THE ANIMAL SHORTLY BEFORE SLAUGHTER.
Consequences of Steroid Use
Side Effects of Steroid Use
weight gain
weak tendons and ligaments
high blood pressure
liver and kidney tumors
acne
HIV or hepatitis B
violent behavior
extreme mood swings
depression
paranoia
Legal Consequences of Steroid Use
• The ACMD says anabolic steroids should remain a class C illegal drug, which can be bought on prescription from a
pharmacist.
• It is illegal to import or sell steroids for non-medical purposes.
• Anabolic Steroids Control Act of 1990
• Drug Testing has become more prevalent for athletes (High School, College, and Professional)
• Athletes who test positive can face:
• Exclusion from event
• Expulsion from the team/ sponsor
• Monetary Fines
• Jail Time
• Examples:
• Maria Sharapova TENNIS (Meldonium)
• Marian Jones USA SPRINTER (EPO)
• Justin Gatlin USA SPRINTER (PEDS)
• Chael Sonnen UFC Fighter (PEDS)
• Ben Johnson USA SPRINTER (Anabolic Steroid)
• Chris Anderson Miami Heat (drug of abuse)
• Josh Gordon NFL WR (2 failed drug tests, 3rd alcohol failed test)
• Randy Gregory NFL Defensive End (failed scouting combine drug test)
• Dustin Johnson Pro Golfer (Cocaine)
• Flyod Landis Pro Cyclists (PEDS)
• Wes Walker NFL Broncos/ Patriots (ecstasy laced with amphetamines)
• Anderson Silva MMA (PEDS)