Transcript 8-21-2016 PPT

BASIC PRINCIPLES: PK
BY: ALAINA DARBY
WHAT IS DEFINED AS THE RELATIONSHIP OF LIPID SOLUBILITY,
BLOOD FLOW, AND SITE OF DRUG PLACEMENT?
a.
pH partition theory
b.
Bioavailability
c.
Ion trapping
d.
Passive transport
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD BE BEST
ABSORBED IN THE STOMACH?
a.
Weak base because it will be unionized in the stomach
b.
Weak base because it will be ionized in the stomach
c.
Weak acid because it will be unionized in the stomach
d.
Weak acid because it will be ionized in the stomach
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING AFFECTS THE RATE
OF DRUG DISTRIBUTION?
a.
pH
b.
Lipid solubility
c.
Blood perfusion
d.
Plasma protein binding
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS CONCERNED WITH THE
MOVEMENT OF DRUG FROM CIRCULATION INTO THE TISSUES?
a.
Absorption
b.
Distribution
c.
Metabolism
d.
Excretion
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PLAYS THE LEAST
ROLE WITH IV ADMINISTRATION?
a.
Absorption
b.
Distribution
c.
Metabolism
d.
Excretion
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS CONCERNED
WITH THE DRUG GETTING INTO CIRCULATION?
a.
Absorption
b.
Distribution
c.
Metabolism
d.
Excretion
HOW IS THE THERAPEUTIC WINDOW
DETERMINED?
a.
Minimum toxic concentration minus peak concentration
b.
Minimum toxic concentration minus minimum effective concentration
c.
Minimum effective concentration minus peak concentration
d.
Minimum effective concentration minus minimum toxic concentration
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS MOST CONCERNED
WITH DEGRADATION OF DRUG BY ENZYMES?
a.
Absorption
b.
Distribution
c.
Metabolism
d.
Excretion
WHAT DOES THE ADME NOT DETERMINE?
a.
Onset of action
b.
Intensity of action
c.
Method of action
d.
Duration of action
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS TRUE?
a.
Bound drug can be metabolized
b.
Bound drug does not have action
c.
Free drug cannot be metabolized
d.
Free drug can be eliminated without being metabolized
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CAN PASS THROUGH
THE CELL MEMBRANE?
a.
500 Da drug that is lipophilic and nonpolar
b.
500 Da drug that is hydrophilic and nonpolar
c.
100 Da drug that is lipophilic and polar
d.
100 Da drug that is lipophilic and nonpolar
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES THE
PASSAGE OF DRUG ACROSS MEMBRANES?
a.
Usually active transport
b.
Usually through passive transport for large drugs
c.
Usually through carrier-medicated transport for small drugs
d.
Usually through pinocytosis for lipid soluble vitamins
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DOES NOT EXHIBIT
SATURATION?
a.
Facilitated diffusion
b.
Carrier-mediated transport
c.
Passive transport
d.
Active transport
A WEAK ACID LIKE ASPIRIN WILL MOSTLY BE ABSORBED IN
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ENVIRONMENTS?
a.
Where pH < pKa so that it is nonionized
b.
Where pH > pKa so that it is nonionized
c.
Where pH < pKa so that it is ionized
d.
Where pH > pKa so that it is ionized
A WEAK BASE WILL MOSTLY BE ABSORBED IN WHICH OF
THE FOLLOWING ENVIRONMENTS?
a.
Where pH < pKa so that it is nonionized
b.
Where pH > pKa so that it is nonionized
c.
Where pH < pKa so that it is ionized
d.
Where pH > pKa so that it is ionized
WHERE DOES FIRST PASS METABOLISM TAKE PLACE?
a.
Lung
b.
Liver
c.
Kidney
d.
Intestine
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WILL INCREASE
ABSORPTION?
a.
Decreased circulation
b.
Thick membrane
c.
Higher drug concentration
d.
Decreased membrane surface area
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING INCREASES RATE OF
ABSORPTION?
a.
Delayed release tablet
b.
Enteric coating
c.
Gel cap
d.
Depot preparation
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BY PASSES THE LIVER?
a.
Esophagus
b.
Stomach
c.
Duodenum
d.
Large intestine
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WILL DECREASE
ABSORPTION OF AN ACIDIC DRUG?
a.
Decreased stomach acidity
b.
Delayed gastric emptying
c.
Fatty meal
d.
Narcotics and analgesics
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING UNDERGOES FIRST
PASS METABOLISM?
a.
Oral tablet
b.
Sublingual tablet
c.
Suppository
d.
IV drug
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MOST AFFECTS THE
EXTENT OF DISTRIBUTION?
a.
Cardiac output
b.
Tissue volume
c.
Plasma protein binding
d.
Capillary permeability
WHICH HAS THE HIGHEST PERFUSION RATE AND
THE HIGHEST % OF CARDIAC OUTPUT?
a.
Heart
b.
Liver
c.
Bone
d.
Brain
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A DEVIATION
FROM TYPICAL CAPILLARY STRUCTURE?
a.
Large fenestrations in brain capillaries
b.
Tight junctions in brain capillaries
c.
Increased filtration in brain capillaries
d.
Tight junctions in renal capillaries
WHICH IS NOT TRUE OF PROTEIN BINDING?
a.
Usually irreversible
b.
Usually specific
c.
Acidic drugs usually bind to albumin
d.
Globulins are the most commonly bound
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A RESERVOIR FOR
IODINE?
a.
Stomach
b.
Albumin
c.
Liver
d.
Thyroid
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A RESERVOIR FOR
WARFARIN?
a.
Stomach
b.
Albumin
c.
Liver
d.
Thyroid
HOW ARE MOST DRUGS DISTRIBUTED?
a.
Non-uniformly
b.
Mostly to specific tissues
c.
Mostly in body water
d.
Mostly in the blood
WHAT DOES A VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION OF 4L
INDICATE?
a.
Mostly in plasma
b.
Mostly in interstitial fluid
c.
Distributed throughout the total body water
d.
Concentrated in a tissue or highly bound
WHAT DOES A VOLUME OF DISTRIBUTION OF
2000L INDICATE?
a.
Mostly in plasma
b.
Mostly in interstitial fluid
c.
Distributed throughout the total body water
d.
Concentrated in a tissue or highly bound
METABOLISM USUALLY DOES WHAT?
a.
Inactivates prodrugs
b.
Activates drugs
c.
Makes drugs less polar
d.
Makes drugs less lipid soluble
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DESCRIBES A PHASE I
REACTION? PHASE II?
a.
Unmasks a functional group
b.
Covalently adds a functional group
WHICH IS NOT A PHASE I REACTION?
a.
Oxidation
b.
Reduction
c.
Glucuronidation
d.
Hydrolysis
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A
NONMICROSOMAL PHASE II REACTION?
a.
Glucuronidation
b.
Sulfation
c.
Acetylation
d.
Methylation
WHICH IS THE P450 ENZYME THAT METABOLIZES
MOST DRUGS?
a.
CYP3A
b.
CYP2C
c.
NAT
d.
TPMT
WHICH IS NOT AN EXAMPLE OF METABOLIC
INHIBITION?
a.
Substrate competition
b.
Depletion of cofactors
c.
Enzyme inhibitors
d.
Increased enzyme production
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING DEFINES A
GENOTYPIC CHANGE?
a.
Change in DNA sequence
b.
Structural change in protein
c.
Important for drug effect
d.
Commonly causes functional abnormalities
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NOT FILTERED IN
THE KIDNEY?
a.
Ions
b.
Glucose
c.
Proteins
d.
Peptides
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING INCLUDES AN
ACTIVE PROCESS?
a.
Glomerular filtration
b.
Tubular secretion
c.
Tubular reabsorption
WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WILL BE EXCRETED
BETTER/FASTER?
a.
High MW
b.
High protein binding
c.
Higher ionization
d.
Increased Vd