Transcript Presentation (.pps)

Information needs for policy-making
— implications for monitoring and
science. National perspective.
Piotr Jabłoński
National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
“Identifying Europe’s Information needs for effective
drug policy”
EMCDDA, 6 – 8 May, Lisbon
Contents:
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Legal grounds and the information system on
drugs and drug addiction in Poland
Monitoring of National Programme and its
evaluation
Limitations and achievements in the
information system and taking effective
informed measures.
Challenges and expectations in monitoring
and evaluation
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Drug prevention legislation in Poland
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Acts of Law of 1997 and 2005 on counteracting drug
addiction.
(Reitox National Focal Point, Provincial Experts)
National Programmes for Counteracting Drug
Addiction 1999 – 2001, 2002-2005, 2006 – 2010.
(Monitoring at provincial and local levels)
Acts to establish the Council for Counteracting Drug
Addiction (Team for monitoring the implementation of
the NPCDA)
Two most recent programmes prepared to perform
evaluation: indicators, sources of indicators
We still see a need for further improvement of the
National Programme in order to better prepare the
strategy for the purposes of evaluation.
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
2006 - 2010
Prevention:
Stemming growth
in drug demand
3 specific objectives
Reducing drug use and drug-related
social and health problems
Treatment,
rehabilitation
and harm reduction:
Improvement of health
condition
and social functioning
of drug addicts and persons
using drugs in a harmful way
International
cooperation:
Supply reduction:
Reducing
availability
of drugs
5 specific objectives
3 specific objectives
Supporting
implementation
of national programme
through shaping
international policy
3 specific objectives
National Programme in line with European Strategy
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Research,
monitoring
and evaluation:
Information support for
implementation
of national programme
for counteracting
drug addiction
3 specific objectives
Information system on drugs and drug
addiction in Poland :
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Reitox National Focal Point (established by National
Bureau for Drug Prevention) cooperates with the
following:
• Research and Development Institutes (Institute of
Psychiatry and Neurology; National Institute of
Hygiene)
• Central Institutions (Police Headquarters; Main
Pharmaceutical Inspectorate)
• Network of provincial experts (16 regions)
• Network of local monitoring (under construction –
approx. 40 communes).
Main task of NFP is to formulate conclusions and
recommendations for practising professionals and
authorities.
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Network of provincial experts
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Constant cooperation with NFP since 2001
Annually 16 reports featuring conclusions and
recommendations for regional authorities
Support for NFP in collecting data from communes on
implementation of NPCDA.
New task – development of the local monitoring
network
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Evaluation based on annual
monitoring of NPCDA implementation
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Data collected from approx. 30 central institutions
and over 2 500 communes and provincial offices.
Materials collected are analyzed and effects of
monitoring are presented in the form of NPCDA
implementation report
Consequently we obtain information on progress
in specific programme activities and objectives
Crucial component of monitoring is collecting
information on the cost of Programme
implementation
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Number of communes under Communal Programmes
for Counteracting Drug Addiction or those which included
drug addiction in local strategies for solving social
problems in 2003-2007.
2500
2019
1792
2000
1500
1000
819
449
471
500
0
2003
2004
2005
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
2006
2007
„Our job is not dictate drug policy but
to provide the evidence necessary for
informed decision-making”
Wolfgang Goetz; EMCDDA Director
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
John Maynard Keynes:
„There is nothing a government hates more
than to be well informed; for it makes
the process of arriving at decisions much more
complicated and difficult (...)”.
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Policy vs. practice
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Reports, research and analyses do not always
meet expectations of politicians, who expect
clear answers to seemingly simple questions.
Basic question concerns effectiveness of
measures taken, namely what the policy in
effect brings about and what is the ratio of
investment to output.
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Needs and time perspectives
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Researchers work on obtaining objective and
analytic knowledge. The analysis is based on
reliable measurements viewed from longterm perspective.
Political domain is mainly concentrated on ad
hoc needs in a short-term perspective
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Communication
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Research communication is based on open
and objective language
Political communication calls for synthesis and
simplifications
Research aims at comprehensive analysis of
the phenomenon and its consequences
Politics aims at making decisions and taking
action
It is necessary to find common
communication platform
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Difficulties and obstacles
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Despite two editions of cost estimation
projects, (2003 & 2007), evaluations
and annual monitoring under NPCDA we
are still looking for an answer to the
question about effectiveness of the
policy in place.
Evaluation still poses a challenge:
• Information deficits
• No political backup
• Insufficient resources (methodology,
experts)
• Translation of results into clear
message for the world of politics
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Miliony
NPCDA expenditure in 2003 – 2007 (PLN)
350,00
demand-related
expenditure
supply-related
expenditure
300,00
250,00
156,33
128,41
200,00
150,00
48,44
77
100,00
50,00
131,15
127,46
164,10
141,81
135,06
1,20
0,00
2003
2004
2005
2006
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
2007
National strategy vs. evaluation
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Numerical indicators of activities in progress
and objectives achieved
Clear relationship between general objectives,
specific objectives and activities.
Providing sources of indicators, which will
result in quality data
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Problem: Drug use
Tolerance for
drug use in
society
Close
friends use
drugs
Declared
willingness to
use drugs
No
assertiveness
in contact with
drugs
Unfriendly
school
Low assessment
of drug relatedrisk
Deficiencies
of life and
social skills
Drug use –
minor problem
of organized
crime of small
group of
addicted
persons
Reduced
public
condemnation
of using soft
drugs
Drug use in
schools,
universities,
workplace,
public places
No
condemnati
No
on of drug
knowledge
use by
of drugs
others
and
consequen
ces of
useing
them
No skills of
Establishing and
keeping contacts
Cooperating in a
group
Solving conflicts
Critical thinking
Information
on drug use
in public
figures and
circles
Public
visibility of
proposals to
legalize soft
drugs
Media
picture –
focus on
drug supply
reduction
Lower prices
of drugs
Higher drug
purchasing
capacity
Engaging in
risky behaviour
(alcohol,
cigarettes,
violence)
)
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Making
decisions
Coping with
stress
Planning future
Low
selfesteem
School
failures
Disobeying
school rules
No
attachment
to school
Being not
sure of
getting help
from school
Disrupted
communicati
on between
pupils and
teachers
Disintegrated ,
passive local
community
Disrupted
family
relations
No parents’
interest in
child’s
matters
Low activity
of youth
unclear
family rules
No
cooperation
of young
people with
adults
No attractive
forms of
No
spending
communicati leaisure time
ve skills of
No interests
family
in pro-school
members
and proNo conflictyouth
solving skills actions
No parents’
faith in
child’s
abilities
Problem tree – risk factor areas
Reducing the use of drugs and drug-related problems
limiting HIV and HCV infections
and other diseases
connected
with the use of drugs;
reducing the speed
at which the crime rate
connected with the use
of drugs is rising;
reducing the speed
at which
the use of drugs
is spreading
reducing the mortality rate
from the use of drugs;
maintaining an improved
state of health in those
people subject
to treatment and rehabilitation.
Checking the increase
in drug smuggling
on the internal market
Limiting
the accessibility
of drugs
reducing the growth
rate in the demand for drugs
improve the quality
of treatment,
rehabilitation and activities
to reduce damage to health
Increasing the availability of services
for the treatment, rehabilitation
and reducing damage to health
by developing specialist centres
and programmes
Drawing up standards for
providing treatment, procedures
or rehabilitation
and a programme for reducing
amage to health
Drawing up and implementing
programmes
to evaluate
the services provided
for treatment,
rehabilitation
and reducing damage to health
Checking the increase in
the domestic manufacture of
illegal synthetic drugs
and drugs manufactured
from natural raw materials
. Limiting
the accessibility
of drugs
to individual users
Supporting the development
of professional programmes
for preventing
drug dependency
addressed to specific
target groups,
Increasing the
local community’s
participation in preventing
the use of psychoactive
substances
Implementing a system
for training staff providing
treatment, rehabilitation
and programmes
or reducing
damage to health
Improving people’s knowledge
on the psychosocial conditions
for drug dependency
and effective strategies
for taking preventive measures
Improved
cooperation
between
Increasing
the number
of competent
people
conducting preventive
measures
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Increasing knowledge among the
local community
about problems relating to the use
of psychotropic substances and
the possibility
of taking preventive measures
specific services
Monitoring
the expenses
of particular services
in respect
of counteracting
drug-related crime
Strengthening financial
control over
the narcobusiness
Prevalence of substance use
in school population
100%
CBOS
90%
80%
beer
70%
60%
vodka
50%
40%
cigarettes
wine
30%
20%
drugs
10%
0%
1992
1994
1996
1999
2003
2008
Percentages of positive answers to the questions about smoking cigarettes (regularly and occasionally), drinking beer, wine and
other strong alcohols in the last month prior to study and using any drugs in the last 12 months.
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Percentages of pupils aged 17-18 who have used
a specific substance at least once in their lifetimes
40
36,7
1995
35
20
2003
2007
27,9
30
25
1999
20,820,8
20,1
19
22,4
17,1
15,4
15
10,5
10
7,9
7,8
6,8
5,4 6,3
5
6,8
2,7 3,5
2,8
5,8
4,2
2,7
2,5
1,8 2,4
0,8
0,6
2,2
1,7
2,7
4,2 4,0
2,6 3,53,5
0,6
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
Anabolic
steroids
Ecstasy
Heroin
Cocaine
LSD
Amphetamine
Inhalants
Cannabis
Tranquilizers
or sleeping
pills
0
ESPAD
New HIV infections, including IDUs in 1999-2007 by date
of registration (data of National Institute of Public Health
– National Institute of Hygiene)
800
700
600
500
IDUs
All
400
300
200
100
0
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland
2004
2005
2006
2007
Summary:
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Positive changes on the Polish drug scene, which we
relate to NPCDA implementation
Wide spectrum of data collected is a clear success of
European and national monitoring systems
Need for analyses integrating data from various
sources, i.e. measures to reduce both drug demand
and supply
Conclusions and recommendations should meet the
expectations of the world of politics but also support
practising professionals and researchers.
Work over the methodology of evaluation and
assessment of the effectiveness of activities in place is
a challenge for the future and international and
interagency cooperation.
Piotr Jabłoński, National Bureau for Drug Prevention Poland