Transcript I. Waking Consciousness

States of Consciousness
Consciousness and Awareness
• Awareness Video
Consciousness
• Our level of awareness of ourselves and the
environment
Levels of
Consciousness
Levels of Consciousness
• Freud said that consciousness was like an iceberg.
Nonconscious
Conscious
Preconscious
Subconscious
Unconscious
Circadian Rhythms
• A 24-25 hour pattern of metabolic and thought
processes
Sleep
• Are you unconscious when you are sleeping?
– NO!
Sleep Cycle
• Five Stages of Sleep - Stages 1-4 and REM
REM Sleep
• Rapid Eye Movement
Sleep Cycle DYK…
• Our sleep cycle is about 90 minutes.
• We go through the cycle 4-7 times per night.
• As the night goes on, we spend more time in
REM sleep, and less time in Delta sleep.
• Babies sleep longer than any other age, 18
hours a day.
• Babies also experience much more REM sleep,
which declines as we age.
Sleep Disorders
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Insomnia
Narcolepsy
Sleep apnea
Nightmares
Night Terrors
Somnambulism
Insomnia
• Persistent problems getting to sleep or staying
asleep
Narcolepsy
• Suffering from periods of intense sleepiness
• Rat Race (YT)
• 5TV (YT)
• Rusty (MP4)
Sleep Apnea
• A person stops breathing for short periods of
time during the night
• Sleep Apnea Vid (MP4)
Night Terrors
• Extreme terror and a temporary inability to
regain full consciousness
Somnambulism
• AKA Sleep Walking
• Check this out
• Night Terrors Vid (MP4)
Drug Writing Activity
• 1. What do you know about psychoactive drugs
already?
• 2. What specific questions do you have about
particular drugs or drugs in general? (Do NOT
be stupid with this question, this is still a grade)
• 3. What psychological reasons do you think
lead most people into using…
– “Lighter” Drugs?
– “Heavier” Drugs”?
Dreams, Drugs, and Hypnosis – oh my!
Freud and Dreams
• Used dream analysis during psychoanalysis to
uncover our repressed, unconscious mind
• Dreams are wish fulfilling, allowing us to act out
our unconscious desires
Freud and Dreams
• Manifest Content and Latent Content
• Manifest - If we show up at school naked,
manifest content is your nudity, the room you
see yourself in, the people around you
• Latent - showing up to school naked could be a
symbol of vulnerability or anxiousness
Dream Theories
Information-Processing Theory
• Dreams act to sort out and understand the
memories that you experience that day.
Activation-Synthesis Theory
• Dreams are the result of random neural activity
in the literary parts of our brain.
Psychoactive Drugs
• Chemicals that interact with the central
nervous system to alter a person’s mood,
perception, and behavior.
Categories of Drugs
Stimulants
Stimulants
• Drugs that speed up body processes.
• Ex.
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Caffeine
Cocaine
Amphetamines
Nicotine
• They increase heart rate, respiration and give
us some sense of euphoria.
• More powerful stimulants (cocaine) tend to give
the user a sense of invincibility and effect sleep
patterns.
Depressants
Depressants
• Drugs that slow down body processes.
• Ex.
– Alcohol
– Barbiturates
– Tranquilizers and other anti-anxiety drugs (Valium).
• They slow down our brain processes and
actually disrupt our cerebellum
– part of brain that controls our coordination/balance
• Can slow our heart rates down to the point of
death
Depressants
• They are extremely dangerous, and are probably
the widely abused drug category.
• Alcohol is labeled a depressant because of its
effect on the nervous system, even though some
people report feeling more energized after
ingesting a small amount of alcohol. The energizing
effect is due to expectations about alcohol
lowering inhibitions.
• Nicotine, similarly, is labeled a stimulant because it
speeds up the nervous system, but some smokers
smoke to relax.
Opiates
Opiates
• Act as agonists for endorphins and thus are
powerful painkillers and mood elevators
• Ex.
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Morphine
Heroin
Methadone
Codeine
• Cause drowsiness and high endorphin levels
• Highly addictive because they rapidly change
brain chemistry
– creating tolerance and withdrawal symptoms
Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens
• Drugs cause changes in our perception of
reality.
– hallucinations, loss of identity or vivid fantasies.
• AKA psychedelics
• Ex.
– LSD
– Psilocybin Mushrooms
– Marijuana
• These drugs tend to spend longer times in our
body than other drugs
– Can cause reverse tolerance
• the second dose may be less than the first to feel the same
effects.
Cannabis
Cannabis
• What category would cannabis fit into?
• It’s actually a mix – marijuana can act as a
stimulant, depressant, and psychedelic
altogether.
How Drugs Work...
• Agonists
• Antagonists
• Reuptake Inhibitors
Effects of Drug Use
• Tolerance
– A physiological change that produces a need for more
of the same drug in order to achieve the same effect.
– Will eventually cause withdrawal symptoms
• Dependence (Addiction)
– Physically
– Psychologically
or Both
Hypnosis
Real or Role Play?