Transcript Chapter 11 - Arif Sari

Technology
in Action
Alan Evans • Kendall Martin
Mary Anne Poatsy
Twelfth Edition
Technology in Action
Chapter 11
Behind the Scenes:
Databases and Information Systems
Database Basics
• Database Building Blocks
• Database Types
• Database Functions
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Database Building Blocks
Objectives
1. What is a database, and why is using one
beneficial?
2. What do database management systems
do?
3. What components make up a database?
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Database Types
Objective
4. What types of databases are there?
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Database Functions
Objective
5. How do relational databases organize and
manipulate data?
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Database Building Blocks
• A database is a collection of related data,
which can be:
Stored
Sorted
Organized
Queried
• Databases make data more meaningful
and useful
• Databases turn data into information
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Database Building Blocks
Advantages of Using Databases
• Databases can manage
large amounts of data
efficiently
• Databases make
information sharing
possible
• Databases promote data
integrity
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Database Building Blocks
Disadvantages of Using Databases
• Disadvantages of databases
 Can be more time-consuming and expensive
to set up and administer
 Care is needed to insure they function as
intended
 Administrator is responsible for designing,
constructing, and maintaining databases
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Database Building Blocks
Planning and Creating the Database
• How data tables are created
 Step 1: Input unique field names
 Step 2: Define the data type
 Step 3: Set a maximum field size
 Step 4: Set a default value if necessary
 Repeat for each field in the table
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Database Types
• Three major types of databases are:
Relational
Object-oriented
Multidimensional
• Relational databases are the most
commonly used
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Database Types
Relational Databases
• Relational database
 Organizes data in table format
 Logically groups similar data into a relation
 Common field in one table (primary key)
linked to common field (foreign key) in
second table
 Need to keep data in related tables
synchronized
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Database Types
Object-Oriented Databases
• Store data in objects rather than tables
• Contain methods for processing or
manipulating data
• Can store more types of data than
relational databases
• Can access data faster
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Database Types
Multidimensional Databases
• Stored data can be analyzed from different
perspectives (dimensions)
• Relational database has only two
dimensions (fields and records)
• Multidimensional databases organize in
cube format
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Database Functions
• Functions
 Populate the database by creating records
 Allow users to extract subsets of data from
the database
 Output the data in a meaningful and
presentable format
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How Businesses Use
Databases
• Database Warehousing and Storage
• Business Intelligence Systems
• Data Mining
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Database Warehousing
and Storage
Objective
6. What are data warehouses and data marts,
and how are they used?
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Business Intelligence Systems
Objective
7. What is a business intelligence system, and
what types of business intelligence systems
are used by decision makers?
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Data Mining
Objective
8. What is data mining, and how does it work?
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Data Warehousing and Storage
Data Warehouse
• Large-scale collection of data
• Contains and organizes data in one place
• Data comes from multiple databases
• Consolidates information from various
systems
• Presents enterprise-wide view of
operations
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Data Warehousing and Storage
Data Marts
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Business Intelligence Systems
• Software-based solutions to gather and
analyze information
Deliver up-to-the-minute data
• Integral because they store the functional
information
All perform similar functions
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Business Intelligence Systems
Office Support Systems
• What an office support system
accomplishes
 Office support system (OSS) is designed to
improve communications and assist
employees in accomplishing tasks
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Business Intelligence Systems
Transaction-Processing Systems
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Business Intelligence Systems
Transaction-Processing Systems
• Batch processing
 Data is accumulated, then several
transactions are processed at once
 Appropriate for activities that are not
time-sensitive
 Often more efficient
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Business Intelligence Systems
Management Information Systems
• Management information system (MIS)
 Provides timely and accurate information
 Enables managers to make critical decisions
 Directs outgrowth of TPS
 Powerful if organized and outputted in useful
form
 Often included as a feature of TPS
• Can generate various reports
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Business Intelligence Systems
Decision Support Systems
• Decision support system (DSS)
 Another type of business intelligence system
 Designed to help managers develop
solutions for specific problems
 Uses information from databases and data
warehouses
 Users can add own insights and experiences
to solution
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Business Intelligence Systems
Decision Support Systems
• How DSS get data
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Data Mining
• Data mining
 Process by which great amounts of data are
analyzed and investigated
 Objective is to spot significant patterns and
trends that would not be obvious
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Check Your Understanding
1. What is a database, and why is using one
beneficial?
2. What do database management systems
do?
3. What components make up a database?
4. What types of databases are there?
5. How do relational databases organize
and manipulate data?
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11-29
Check Your Understanding
6. What are data warehouses and data
marts, and how are they used?
7. What is a business intelligence system,
and what types of business intelligence
systems are used by decision makers?
8. What is data mining, and how does it
work?
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