Transcript Títol de la Memòria - International Energy Control

The evolution of novel psychoactive
substances in Spanish recreational settings:
Type of substances consumed and trends
detected after 10 years of monitoring
Mireia Ventura· ABD – Energy Control
30th May 2016
Who we are
to reduce the risks and harm related
to recreational drug use
Services
 Peer education
 Outreach activities
in nightlife settings
(festivals,
underground
raves, clubs)
 Counselling
 Drug Checking
 Research
Energy Control
1.
Facilitate direct contact with drug users who otherwise
don’t have access to drug programs.
2.
Inform about the composition of their drugs and assess
the way to use these drugs with less risks.
3.
Monitor the illegal market detecting new trends of drugs
and drugs’ use and make this information available to all
stakeholders involved.
5
Evolution
Evolution of Drug Checking service
(2000-2015)
5000
4519
4500
4000
3500
2938
3000
2614
2375
2500
2000
1599 1681 1678
1500
1081
1000
380
500
42
132
110
44
64
509
62
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Type of substances analyzed
450
400
350
423
Evolution of the number of analysis of NPS
2006-2015
334
300
311
291
250
266
200
150
151
126
100
69
50
0
10
11
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
Evolution of different NPS detected
2006-2015
90
80
81
76
70
68
60
63
55
50
40
39
30
32
20
19
10
0
5
4
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
NPS as adulterants
200
NPS as adulterants
150
(number of adulterated samples
by type of substance)
Mescaline
Methamphetamine
Cocaine
LSD
Ketamine
Amphetamine
MDMA (crystal)
MDMA (tablets)
100
50
0
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
Source:
1. Vidal, C.; Fornís, I., y Ventura, M. (2014). New psychoactive
substances as adulterants of controlled drugs. A worrying
phenomenon? Drug Testing and Analysis, 6, 7-8, 819-824.
2. Drug Checking service data (2013-2015)
2014
2015
11
Adulteration of ecstasy samples
Vidal C et. Al, 2016. Crystals and tablets in the Spanish ecstasy market 2000-2014: are they the same or different in terms of purity and
adulteration? Forensic Internacional Science. In press
NPS as adulterants of pills
2C-X (2C-B, 2C-E y 2C-I)
 stimulant/empathogenic
(low dosages)
 psychedelic (at medium or
high doses)
 Dosage ≈ 10-30 mg
Caudevilla- Gálligo et al. 2012. 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenethylamine (2C-B): presence in the
recreational drug market in Spain, pattern of use and subjective effects. Journal of Psychopharmacology
26(7), 1026-35.
NPS as adulterants of MDMA
CATHINONES
 methylone
 ethylone
 4-BMC & 4-CMC
 Alpha-PVP (flakka)
NPS as adulterants of LSD
25-X-NBOMe (~ LSD)
 First time detected in 2012
 2014: DOC, 25B-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe and 25I-NBOMe
 2015: New presentations: jelly beans
 2016: New LSD analogues detected: 1p-LSD, AL-LAD,
ALD-52...
NPS as adulterants of ketamine
Number of ketamine samples
adulterated with NPS
(2011-2015)
89
 Methoxetamine
 Deschloroketamine
 Methoxyphenidine
 Mephedrone
12
4
2011
2012
7
2013
16
2014
2015
Evolution NPS Energy Control’s Drug Checking service (2006-2016)
Phenetylamines and
tryptamines
“Shulgin’s era”
(4-ACO-DMT, 2C-B,
methylone, 2C-T7)
Methoxetamine
NBOMe
4-FA
First synthetic
cannabinoids
Shortage of ketamine
 new
arylcyclohexylamines
?
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2C-B
Cathinones as
adulterants of
MDMA
2013
2014
Consolidation of
NPS as
adulterants
“Legal Highs”
(Cathinones,
piperazines,
synthetic
cannabinoids)
2015
2016
LSD analogues
(1p-LSD, ALLAD, ALD-52)
Very powerful NPS as
adulterants
(alpha-PVP, fentanyl
derivatives)
Thanks!
Contact
Mireia Ventura
[email protected]
With the collaboration of: