AP Psych Chpt 11 Sct 1
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Transcript AP Psych Chpt 11 Sct 1
HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN
2 THEMES: TRANSITION AND CONTINUITY
DEVELOPMENT
DEF: sequence of age-related changes that occur as a
person progresses from conception to death
Fairly orderly
Cumulative
Both biological and behavioral changes
PRENATAL DEVELOPMENT
Development begins with conception---fertilization
creating a zygote
Prenatal period ends at birth
GERMINAL STAGE
1. Germinal stage: 1st phase; 1st 2 weeks after
conception
Begins w/creation of zygote
Within 36 hours: rapid cell division
7th day: cell mass begins implanting to uterine wall
Placenta forms
EMBRYONIC STAGE
DEF: 2nd stage; starts at 2 weeks and ends after 2nd
month
Most vital organs and bodily systems begin to form
Very vulnerable---most miscarriages occur in this
stage
FETAL STAGE
DEF: 3rd stage; lasting from 2 months to birth
Rapid bodily growth---muscles and bones begin to
form
Organs begin to function
3rd month: sex organs begin to develop
Final 3 months: brain cells multiply rapidly;
respiratory and digestive system mature
AGE OF VIABILITY
DEF: the age at which a baby can survive in the event
of a premature birth
Usually between 22 and 26 weeks after conception
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND PRENATAL
DEVELOPMENT
Nutrition is important
Dietary deficits have shown correlation to apathy,
irritability, and reduced immunity to infectious
diseases
ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS CONTINUED
Most drugs consumed by mother can pass through
placental membrane
ALL recreational drugs are harmful
Cocaine: heart abnormalities, brain seizures most
common
Prescription drugs: effects vary based on drug, dose,
and prenatal stage
ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: collection of congenital
problems assoc. w/excessive drinking during
pregnancy
Tobacco: smoking during pregnancy reduces flow of
oxygen and nutrients to the fetus
MATERNAL ILLNESS
Fetus is vulnerable to disease---placenta does some
filtering
Rubella, syphilis, cholera, smallpox, mumps, and
severe flu are hazardous
Genital herpes and AIDS can transmit to offspring
PRENATAL HEALTH CARE
Most prenatal dangers are preventable
Poor health care is prominent in racial minorities
USA ranks 41st in infant mortality rate