Transcript Unit 5 - Drug Powerpoint

Drugs
Influences on Drug Use
• Biological – heredity
–
– Boys at age 6
– NPY –
– Gene identified to predispose people to alcohol dependence
• Psychological
– Lacking
– Stress
– Depression
• Social-cultural
–
– Cultural attitude
– Peer
Drugs
• blood-brain barrier
– selectively
permeable
capillaries that
protect the brain
from most drugs.
• psychoactive drugs drugs that are small
enough to pass
through the BBB
Psychoactive Drugs
Psychoactive Drugs - Chemicals that
through
actions on neural synapses
•
neurotransmitters
•Altered state
•Examples:
(depressants, hallucinogens, stimulants)
What is…
•
•
•
•
•
Addiction?
Tolerance?
Withdrawal?
Physical Dependence?
Psychological Dependence?
Dependence and Addiction
• Addiction –
– What about each of our three major types of
drugs make someone want to keep taking them?
• Sense of well-being, feeling of euphoria ,
blissful pleasure, relief from anxiety,
increased self-confidence, alertness
• Withdrawal symptoms can contribute to
addiction
• Tolerance –
– Neuroadaptation - change in brain chemistry
that offsets the effects of a psychoactive drug
• Withdrawal –
• Physical dependence –
• Psychological dependence –
Drugs are either….
• Agonists –
neurotransmitters
• Opiates (heroine,
morphine) mimic
endorphins
• Antagonists –
neurotransmitters
• LSD – blocks serotonin
• Reuptake inhibitors
• Cocaine – blocks
reuptake of
• Ecstasy blocks
reuptake of
Depressants
• Depressants –
–
• Alcohol
• Barbiturates/
tranquilizers
• Opiates (morphine,
heroine)
Alcohol
• Depressant
– Disinhibition (lowers inhibition)
• Feelings of
• Aggressive
• Reduces
– Euphoria
– Slowed
– Memory disruption –
• Suppresses
sleep (no memory consolidation)
• Impairs grown of synaptic connections and contributes to
nerve death
– Expectancy Effects
Opiates
• Opiates • - Agonist for
• Morphine, heroin,
methadone and codeine.
• Pupils constrict, breathing
slows, lethargy,
replaces pain and
anxiety
• Highly addictive
• Brain stops producing
– brain will lack painkilling
neurotransmitters after
withdrawal
Stimulants
• Stimulants –
–
• More powerful ones (like
cocaine) give people
feelings of invincibility.
• Amphetamines
• Methamphetamines
• Caffeine
• Nicotine
• Cocaine
• Ecstasy
Hallucinogens
•
• Causes changes in
perceptions of reality
• LSD, peyote,
psilocybin mushrooms
and marijuana.
• Reverse tolerance or
effect