Transcript TAP3_LecturePowerPointSlides_Module09

Thinking About Psychology
The Science of Mind and Behavior 3e
Charles T. Blair-Broeker & Randal M. Ernst
PowerPoint Presentation Slides
by Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Worth Publishers, © 2012
Biopsychology Domain
Consciousness
Module 09
Psychoactive Drugs
Module Overview
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What Are Psychoactive Drugs?
Alcohol: A Depressant
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Marijuana
Prevention
Click on the any of the above hyperlinks to go to that section in the presentation.
Module 09: Psychoactive Drugs
What Are Psychoactive
Drugs?
Psychoactive Drug
• Chemical substance that alters
perceptions, mood, or behavior.
• Three common psychoactive drugs:
– Caffeine
– Alcohol
– Nicotine
• Induce an altered state of consciousness
Dependence
• State of physiological or psychological
need (or combined need) to take more
of a drug after continued use.
• Withdrawal follows if the drug is
discontinued
Withdrawal
• Discomfort and distress that follow
when a person who is dependent on a
drug discontinues the use of that
drug.
• Withdrawal symptoms are usually the
reverse of the drug’s effects.
Tolerance
• Reduced responsiveness to a drug,
prompting the user to larger dosages
to achieve the same pleasurable
effects previously obtained by smaller
doses.
Tolerance
Types of Psychoactive Drugs
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Depressants
Stimulants
Hallucinogens
Marijuana
Module 09: Psychoactive Drugs
Alcohol:
A Depressant
Depressants
• Drugs (such as alcohol and sedatives)
that reduce neural activity and slow
body functions.
Alcohol (ethyl alcohol)
• Found in beer, wine, and liquor
• The second most used psychoactive
drug (caffeine first)
• Slows thinking, and impairs physical
activity
Blood Alcohol Content (BAC)
• A measure of how much alcohol is in a
person’s bloodstream
• BAC of .08 considered legal
intoxication in most states
Euphoric Affects of Alcohol
• Alcohol impairs the parts of the brain
responsible for controlling inhibitions
and making judgments
Alcohol, Memory, and Sleep
• Studies have shown that alcohol impairs
memory by suppressing the processing
of events into long term memory.
• Alcohol impairs REM sleep, further
disrupting memory storage.
Alcoholism
Module 09: Psychoactive Drugs
Stimulants
Stimulants
• Drugs (such as caffeine, nicotine, and
the more powerful amphetamines and
cocaine) that excite neural activity
and speed up body functions.
Caffeine
• Stimulant found in coffee,
chocolate, tea, and some soft
drinks.
• Provides user with a sense of
increased energy, mental
alertness, and forced
wakefulness
• Blocks neurological receptor
sites that, if activated, sedate
the central nervous system
Nicotine
• Stimulant found in
tobacco.
• Effects similar to those
of caffeine
• Very addictive and does
not stay in the body
very long
Cocaine
• Stimulant derived from the leaves of the
coca plant.
• Crack – cocaine crystals
• Blocks the reuptake of
certain neurotransmitters
• Dependency is quick and severe; places
extreme strain on cardiovascular system
Amphetamines
• Drugs that stimulate neural activity,
speeding up body functions.
• Include increased energy and mood
changes
• Includes: speed, uppers, and
methamphetamines
• Mimic adrenaline
• Can cause irreversible changes in mood
Ecstasy
• Also called MDMA, this
hallucinogenic stimulant produces
lower inhibitions, pleasant feelings,
and greater acceptance of others.
• Even moderate users may experience
permanent brain damage.
Module 09: Psychoactive Drugs
Hallucinogens
Hallucinogens
• Psychedelic (mind-manifesting)
drugs, such as LSD, that distort
perceptions and
• evoke sensory images in the absence
of sensory input.
Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD)
• Powerful hallucinogenic drug; also
known as acid.
• The effects vary from person to person
• Users can be dangerous to themselves
and others.
Module 09: Psychoactive Drugs
Marijuana
Marijuana
• Leaves, stems, resin, and flowers form
the hemp plant that, when smoked,
lower inhibitions and produce feelings
of relaxation and mild euphoria.
• THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol) is
the active ingredient
• Disrupts memory; lung damage from
smoke
Module 09: Psychoactive Drugs
Prevention
A Guide to Selected Psychoactive Drugs
High School Drug Use
The End
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Teacher Information
• Domain Coding
– Just as the textbook is organized around the APA National Standards,
these Powerpoints are coded to those same standards. Included at the
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National Standards.
• Scientific Inquiry Domain
• Biopsychology Domain
• Development and Learning Domain
• Social Context Domain
• Cognition Domain
• Individual Variation Domain
• Applications of Psychological Science Domain
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Kent Korek
Germantown High School
Germantown, WI 53022
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