Transcript Research areas

Plateforme de Calcul pour les Sciences du Vivant
Interdisciplinary activities
V. Breton
CNRS-IN2P3, LPC Clermont-Ferrand
RECFA open day, May 12 2006
Credits: A. Billebaud, M. Farizon, J-M Fontbonne, S. Incerti, P. Le Dû, S. Leray, E. Suraud
http://clrpcsv.in2p3.fr
Introduction
• Our core activity is to understand the universe at small
and at cosmological distances
• Competences acquired to support core projects can
benefit other scientific domains
– Accelerators
– Detectors
– Computing
• We are called upon to contribute our scientific
competence to other fields of science and to solve
certain problems raised by the society
• Development of interdisciplinary research on two main
fronts
– Interface with life sciences (on the steps of Marie Curie)
– Processing of nuclear wastes
Interdisciplinary research at IN2P3
Chemistry
Life sciences
- Radiochemistry
- Detection of trace elements
- Waste treatment
- Medical imaging
- Hadron therapeutic cancer
treatment
- DNA Sequencing
- Study of Low doses
Environment
- Waste treatment
- Oceanography
- Low level radioactivity
Sciences of the universe
- Astrophysics and cosmology
- Oceanography
- Waste treatment
- Low-level radioactivity
- Dating
Social sciences
IN2P3
MIPPU (mathematics,
computer science, physics
and universe)
- Theoretical physics
- Materials for detectors
- Solid state physics
- Behavior of irradiated materials
- Aggregates
- Telecommunications
- Grids
- Dating
- Risk Perception
- History of sciences
Engineering
- Microelectronics
- Highly stable lasers
- Waste treatment
Physics and chemistry for nuclear
energy and environment
• Nuclear energy is probably going to regain momentum
in the close future
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Awareness of the impact of fossil energy on greenhouse effect
Growing need of emerging countries
Limited reserves and foreseeable exhaustion of fossil energy
Limited capacity of renewable energies
• In this perspective, convincing answers must be found
to issues related to
– Waste management
– Security
– Non-proliferation
• New types of reactors, new methods for characterizing
nuclear material are under study
Research activities at IN2P3 and
DAPNIA
• Radiochemistry: Physics and Chemistry of radioactive
materials produced in the present and future nuclear
energy sector, in the environment (waste storage sites)
and in medecine
– Resources: 5 IN2P3 laboratories, 45 permanent staff + 30 non
permanent staff
• Metrology: measurement and monitoring of
radioactivity in the environment
– Resources: 20 staff + 8 NP staff
• Study of physics and scenarios for future reactors
– Resources: 15 staff + 8 NP staff
• Nuclear physics for future reactors and other
applications
– Resources: 27 staff + 16 NP staff
Organization of work and perspectives
• Organization of work
– CNRS interdisciplinary program PACE (Nuclear Cycle Post
Processing program)
– CNRS Research Groups : PRACTIS, NOMADE, GEDEPEON
– European FP6 projects: ACTINET6, IP-EUROTRANS, …
– Collaboration with CEA and industry (EDF, ANDRA,
FRAMATOME, COGEMA)
• Scientific prospects for the next 10 years: carry out
upstream research in the electro-nuclear field
– Acquisition of fundamental data (spallation, captures, fission)
– Study hybrid systems for transmutation
– Contribute to the study of innovating systems for the future
nuclear energy
Interaction of particles with matter
• Interdisciplinary research on accelerators and ion
beams
• Main research areas
– Collision processes
– Understanding energy deposit by polyatomic projectiles such as
aggregates or molecules in solids
– Simulation of particle interaction with materials
– Experimental simulation of material aging under irradiation
– Use of structural changes induced by ion and aggregate beams
• Resources: > 4 laboratories, ~ 34 staff in IN2P3
laboratories (20% of the french research community)
Organization of work and perspectives
• Organization of work
– Natural collaboration with the scientific communities using accelerators
and ion beams
– Lack of organization around the different levels of interaction between
particle and matter
 Community of 170 researchers spread in 24 laboratories
• Perspectives
– Creation of a Research Group (GDR) “fundamental research on
particle – matter interaction”
– Identified common topics of interest
 Elementary collision processes
 Fragmentation paths, energy and excitation transfer mechanisms in
molecules and aggregates
 Relaxation paths for materials under irradiation
 Modeling of matter energy transfer and relaxation phases
 Impact of different levels of disorder on biological, physical and chemical
properties of materials
Life sciences
• Main research areas
– Physical and chemical characterization of
living organisms
– Radiobiology
– Radiotherapy
– Medical and biological imaging
– Informatics for life sciences
• Resources
– 10 laboratories (including CEA)
– 70 staff members (50 researchers, 20
technical staff)
• A significant scientific production
– 29 thesis, 65 papers, 14 patents
• Partners
– Hospitals, universities, CEA (life science
department), CNRS (life science, engineering
departments), INSERM (national institute for
medical research), FP6 European projects
Physical and chemical
characterization of living organisms
• Tools: accelerators of light /
polyatomic ions
• Techniques used: imaging, chemical
analysis, local irradiation
• Resources: 4 laboratories, 13 staff +
11 NP staff
• 3 research areas
– Characterization of interfaces
between biomaterials and living
tissues
– Characterization of biomolecules for
bacteriology and environment
– Chemical exploration of cells to study
exposure to nanoparticles and metals
Radiobiology
• Radiobiology is about characterizing and
quantifying irradiation effects on biological
systems
• Tools: 4 accelerator facilities (neutron, proton
and ion beams)
• Resources: 4 laboratories, ~ 8 staff and 5 NP staff
• Research areas
– Intermolecular dynamics under irradiation
– Search for molecules or nano-objects increasing or
inhibiting radio sensitivity
– DNA lesions and genomic instabilities induced by
irradiation
– Irradiation of Intracellular targets
– intra and extra cellular messaging after irradiation
Direct and indirect impact
of radiations on DNA
Radiotherapy
• Radiotherapy is about using
ionizing particles to kill
cancerous cells
• Resources: 4 laboratories, 8
staff and 10 NP staff
• Research areas
– Treatment planning
– Development of accelerators for
radiotherapy treatment
– Quality control (beam dosimetry,
on-line monitoring)
Simulation of an electron accelerator using GATE
Medical and biological imaging
• Development of imaging systems based
on technological expertise
• Resources: 10 laboratories, 35 staff + 20
NP staff
• Research areas cover imaging devices
from molecule to man
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In vitro imaging
In vivo imaging (PET, SPECT, MRI)
Multi-modal imaging
Per-operative imaging
• Highlight: creation of a laboratory
dedicated to brain functional imaging
– Location: Orsay
– Joint IN2P3-CNRS Life Science
Department laboratory
Per-operative compact imager, IPN Orsay
Imagerie
Cellulaire
in vitro
Coupe anatomique
Animal
Micro SPECT
Micro TEP
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Homme
Peropératoire
POCI
Curatif
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IRM
Modélisation Reconstruction
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Autres instruments
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Micro CT
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Activities in medical imaging at IN2P3
and DAPNIA
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Informatics for life sciences
• Resources:
– 7 laboratories
– 6 staff + 20 NP staff
• Research areas
Nuclear Medecine
Radiobiology
Radiotherapy
GEANT4
GATE
– Simulation for dosimetry
and imaging (GATE)
Simulation
– Simulation for
Modeling
radiobiology (Geant4)
– Grids for life sciences and
healthcare
Life sciences
Healthcare
Grids
Data handling
and analysis
Medical and
Biological imaging
Innovating
technologies
Detectors
Fundamental research in nuclear
and particle physics
Grid-enabled in silico drug discovery
• Goal: reduce time and cost to develop
new drugs by selecting the best drug
candidates
– Particularly relevant to neglected and
emerging diseases
• Strategy: deploy virtual screening on
grids
– Screening = selection of molecules active
on a given protein target
– Grid added value: access to huge
computing resources
Countries contributing to EGEE
Biomedical Virtual Organization
• Successful deployment on EGEE
against malaria and bird flu
– Malaria: 46 millions docking probabilities
computed in 6 weeks in the summer 2005
– Bird flu: 100 CPU years to find new drugs
against mutated neuraminidase N1
• Role of IN2P3: coordination of the grid
deployments
Number of malaria related jobs waiting
and running on EGEE vs time
Organization of work at the interface
with life sciences
• Interface with life sciences has been loosely structured in the last
millennium
– Local collaboration with hospitals or university groups
– Transfer of expertise for technical developments
• Life sciences are moving into “big science”
– Molecular biology experimental platforms produce very large volumes
of data studied by international collaborations
– Research equipments become national (NeuroSpin, Hadrontherapy
centre)
– Europe has developed large scale projects (NoE, IP) in FP6
• Interface with life sciences is being structured
– Appointment of “chargés de mission” at CEA-DAPNIA (P. Le Dû, P.
Mangeot) and a scientific deputy director in charge of interdisciplinary
activities at IN2P3 (E. Suraud)
– Research Group (GDR) “Instrumentation and simulation for biomedical
imaging” started in 2005
– Involvement in european projects (CELLION, MAESTRO, EGEE,
Embrace, BioinfoGRID)
– Bilateral collaborations with Germany, Austria, Korea,Taïwan, …
Scientific prospects for the next 10
years
• Objective 1: contribute to the next generation of FEL
and to the R&D on the cold technology of the e+elinear collider (TESLA)
• Objective 2: Contribute to the design and building of
proton- and hadron-therapy centres
• Objective 3: Develop innovating imaging techniques in
biology and medecine
• Objective 4: Contribute to emergence in France of
multidisciplinary platforms based on ion beams for the
irradiation and the modification of materials coupled
with electron microscopes techniques or imaging
systems
From Quarks to cosmos, scientific prospects of the next
10 years for nuclear and high energy physics of the
IN2P3-CNRS and the DAPNIA-DSM-CEA, November 2005
Highlight within objective 2 : the
ETOILE project
• Goal: build a national centre for lightion hadrontherapy in France
• Location: Lyon, Rhone-Alpes region
• Budget:
– 90M€ to build the centre
– A routine flux of 1000 patients per year
will be reached after 3 years with an
operation cost of 15 M Euro.
• Status: approved by the french
government in May 2005
• Research areas involving IN2P3
laboratories:
– design of an in-beam PET detector
– simulation of the interaction of carbon
ions with tissues
– radiobiological studies on the
radiosensitivity and tolerance of normal
tissues and on the radioresistance of
tumours
Online PET at GSI hadrontherapy facility
Highlight within objective 4: the AIFIRA
platform
Nanobeam
High resolution analysis
Tomography
Localized irradiation
Local induction of charges
AIFIRA
Location: Bordeaux
Budget: 2,8M€
Energy stability E/E ~ 2.5 10-5
Spatial resolution up to 100 nm
Microbeam
Extracted beam
Radiobiology
Charpa
Characterization and analysis
Automatized line
Atmospheric dusts
Physics line
Production of neutrons
Extracted beam
Air analysis
Archeological samples
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Funding
• Funding is almost strictly going to projects
– Staff recruited for project duration
• Regions are very supportive of infrastructures
– Accelerators (AIFIRA, Etoile)
– Grid infrastructures (Auvergrid)
• Newly created National Research Agency (ANR)
supports multidisciplinary research projects
– Several projects led by IN2P3 laboratories already
supported
– ANR will play a growing role as a funding agency for
interdisciplinary activities
• European projects
– IN2P3 involved in several European projects
– Important resource for grid related activities
Conclusion
• Interdisciplinary activities involve a significant fraction of IN2P3
staff
– Growing involvement of researchers and engineers
– Growing budget (National Research Agency, European projects)
• Main interfaces
– Physics and chemistry for nuclear energy and environment
– Life sciences
– But also interaction of particles with matter, …
• Perspectives
– IN2P3 and CEA are ready to carry out upstream research in the
electro-nuclear field
 Nuclear energy is now part of nuclear physics program at IN2P3
– Structuring of interface with life sciences is underway
 Etoile hadron therapy centre in Lyon and AIFIRA multidisciplinary platform
in Bordeaux will be important centers of gravity for the future
 Emergence of bioinformatics in relation to grids