Transcript MimanoPresentation_1

Mimano Esther Wacera.
U29/35675/2010
Supervisor : Dr. Stanley N. Ndwigah ,PhD.
Senior lecturer.
ABSTRACT
 Background : This subterranean root parasite plant lacking
chlorophyll is from the family Hydnoraceae.
 Study objective: To investigate its pharmacological activity on
various isolated organs and its analgesic potency.
 Methodology : Extraction using water , chloroform , methanol
solvents.
 Results : Presence of activity on ileum smooth muscle and
analgesic potency.
 Conclusion: More research should be conducted to develop it
as a drug.
INTRODUCTION
 Medicinal plants are rich sources of bioactive compounds
that serve as raw material for drug production.
 Uterine muscle contracts rhythmically both in vitro and in
vivo.
 Ileum is composed of smooth muscle whose motility is
controlled by excitatory and inhibitor signals.
 Pain is an unpleasant feeling caused by intense or
damaging stimuli.
BACKGROUND
 Plants as medicines have beneficial effects on health and can be
effectively used to treat diseases.
 Hydnora abyssinica is also known as Hydnora johannis.
 It belongs to the family Hydnoraceae.
 Plant body is rhizome like with the leaves absent.
 Flowers are solitary, appearing above the ground as a tube with
fleshy calyx lobes meeting.
 These flowers soon separate , revealing a red and white cross
structure.
BACKGROUND CONT’D…
 Hydnora abyssinica decoction is claimed to be used as
a cure for throat complaints , dysentry , cholera and
tonsilitis.
 It can be used as an antifungal and antibacterial.
 It is known as nyambo in Swahili (Weiss 1979:50).
The Hydnora abyssinica plant
STUDY JUSTIFICATION
 Lack of adequate pharmacological and chemical
data on Hydnora abyssinica.
OBJECTIVES
 Overall objective :
To investigate and evaluate the pharmacological activity of
the Hydnora abyssinica on some selected isolated laboratory
organs and its analgesic potency.
 Specific objectives were to :
1. Determine the effect of plant extract on an isolated rat
uterus.
2.
Determine the effect of the plant extract on an isolated rabbit
ileum.
3.
Determine the analgesic potency of plant extract using the
hot plate method.
METHODOLOGY
Plant collection
 The plant was collected from Mashiara, Embu County.
Extraction
 The already dried collected plant material underwent
various extraction processes, namely:
1. Maceration.
2. Decoction.
3. Dichloromethane extraction –soxhlet extractor.
4. Methanol extraction – soxhlet extractor.
Soxhlet Extractor
RESULTS
i) On isolated rabbit ileum:
Methanol Extract Results.
Chloroform Extract Results.
RESULTS CONT’D…
ii) On rat uterus
Methanol Extract Results
Chloroform Extract Results
RESULTS CONT’D…
iii) Analgesic Potency
50
45
Response (seconds)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Time (minutes)
Normal Saline
Morphine
A graph showing time (minutes) against response (seconds) of control groups.
RESULTS CONT’D…
20
18
Response(seconds)
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
0
15
30
45
60
75
Time(minutes)
Decoction
Chloroform
Maceration
Methanol
A graph showing time (minutes) against response (seconds) of test groups.
DISCUSSION
i) On isolated rabbit ileum

Acetylcholine caused marked contraction. It acts by
activation of M3 receptors.

Both methanol and chloroform extracts caused
contractions.

Compounds extracted may be assumed to have acted in a
similar manner as acetylcholine.

Plant extract can therefore be used as a laxative.
DISCUSSION CONT’D…
ii) On isolated rat uterus
 Oxytocin caused marked contractions by acting
on oxytocin receptors found in the myometrium
and endometrium.
 No significant response was observed with both
the chloroform and methanol extracts.
DISCUSSION CONT’D…
 The negative control used was normal saline which had no
effect on the mice and showed a normal response.
 The positive control used was morphine , a potent analgesic.
 Its activity increased with increase in time until there was no
response.
 The plant extracts were observed to all have similar response
curves as that of morphine.
 The plant extract can therefore be used as an analgesic.
CONCLUSION
Conclusion
 No significant effect on the isolated rat uterus.
 It increases gut motility hence research can be done to
develop it as a drug.
 It
showed mild analgesic properties and can
necessitate its need to be developed as an analgesic.
further
Recommendations
 More research should be conducted to identify the specific
biological compound responsible for the pharmacological
actions.
REFERENCES
 Anonymous. Last updated Monday, December 30th 2013. Site
accessed at 11:06 pm 27th May, 2014. Extraction in Theory and
Practice (Part 1).
 Emma S. Darios, Bridget Seitz and Stephanie W. Watts (2012).
Smooth muscle pharmacology in the isolated virgin and
pregnant rat uterus and cervix, 2012. The Journal of
Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. 2012, 341 (3)
pages 587-596.
 Kurt Hosetettmann. Strategy for the Biological and Chemical
Evaluation
of
Plant
Extracts.
http://www.iupac.org/symposia/proceedings/phuket97/hostett
mann.html©1999 IUPAC.
ACKNOWLEGEMENT
 Dr. Stanely N. Ndwigah.
 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry.
 Department of Pharmacology.
 Department of Pharmacognosy.
 Panel especially in my project presentation for their
comments and advices.
THANK YOU.