Transcript Health Policy in a Globalizing World 13-17 June 2005

 Paper on Current Controversy
 Team Assignment: Observational Visits
 National Drug Policy/Assessment
 Team Assignment: Pharm System
Analysis Consultant Report
Class Period #2, 24 January 2007
Prof. Hazel H. Seaba
With credit to Richard Laing, Department of Medicines
Policy and Standards, WHO
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National Drug Policy (NDP)
Objectives
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Review the history of NDPs
Discuss the background to NDP’s
List the Components of a NDP
Review actors involved in the NDP process
Identify checklist for a medicines formulation policy
Review global implementation of NDPs
Correlate country income to status of NDP
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What is a National Drug Policy?
A NDP is a guide. It is a document specifying the goals set
by the government for the pharmaceutical sector, their
relative importance, and the main strategies for attaining
them.
– Make essential drugs available and affordable to those who need
them
– Ensure the safety, efficacy and quality of all medicines provided to the
public
– Improve prescribing and dispensing practices and promote the correct
use of medicines by health workers and the public
MDS-2, p 56, 57
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History of National Drug Policies
• 1985 Nairobi Conference of Experts on rational Use
of Drugs
• 1987 Working group of Experts to draft guidelines for
NDP’s
• 1988 Guidelines for NDP’s released
• 1995 Expert Committee on NDPs met
report issued
• 2002 New Guidelines published
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Background to NDP’s
• Need for common framework to coordinate many
different actors in the pharmaceutical field:
• These include regulators (quality, safety and efficacy),
producers (local & international), users (prescribers &
consumers), health planners & managers, health finance
authorities and researchers.
• Each have valid interests in the field which may be
contradictory or supportive
• Involves both public & private sectors
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Components of a NDP
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Legislation, Regulation and Guidelines
Selection of Drugs
Supply (incl. procurement & production issues)
Quality Assurance
Rational Drug Use
Economic Strategies for Drugs
Monitoring & Evaluation of NDP’s
Research
Human Resources Development
Technical Cooperation among Countries
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Overview of Components
• Each component has a crucial part in the
overall policy!
• Emphasizing one component at the expense
of others, weakens the entire policy
• Many different actors are involved. Some are outside
MoH, some outside government, some outside
country
• Means that NDP planners need to be aware, though
not expert, in all areas!
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Formulating a NDP
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Many Actors Involved!
Some pro, some against!
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Doctors, specialists, public/private
Pharmacists retail and manufacturing
Local and international producers, importers
Consumers/Patients
Media
Regulators
Insurance Companies
Etc, Etc,
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Characteristics of a National Medicines
Policy
• Essential part of health policy, must fit within the framework of
a particular health care system.
• Goals should be consistent with broader health objectives
• Health policy and the level of service provision in a particular
country are important determinants of drug policy and define
the range of choices and options.
• Implementation of an effective drug policy promotes
confidence in and use of health services.
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National Medicines Policies
• Australia
– http://www.psa.org.au/site.php?id=634
• Sri Lanka
– http://www.who.int/medicines/areas/policy/NM
DP_SriLanka.pdf
• South Africa
– http://www.doh.gov.za/docs/policy/drugsjan19
96.pdf
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Anon. How to develop and implement a national drug policy, WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines.
January 2003. http://mednet2.who.int/tbs/ndp/s4869e.pdf
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Readings
• How to Develop and Implement a National Drug Policy - WHO
Policy Perspectives on Medicines, No. 6,
2002 http://mednet2.who.int/tbs/ndp/s4869e.pdf
Equitable Access to Essential Medicines: A Framework for
Collective Action - WHO Policy Perspectives on Medicines, No.
8, 2004 http://mednet2.who.int/tbs/ndp/s4962e.pdf
• How to Develop and Implement a National Drug Policy (Second
Edition)
http://mednet2.who.int/tbs/ndp/s2283e.pdf (WHO; 2001; 96
pages)
• Using indicators to measure country pharmaceutical situations
http://mednet2.who.int/tbs/ndp/ind.pdf
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CIA World Factbook
https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/index.html
WHO Medicines
http://www.who.int/medicines/en/
WHO Countries
http://www.who.int/countries/en/
The World Bank
http://www.worldbank.org/
Nation Master
http://www.nationmaster.com/cat/Health-health
Management Sciences for Health
http://www.msh.org/
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