Transcript Resources - IIT Bombay

CS621 : Artificial Intelligence
Pushpak Bhattacharyya
CSE Dept.,
IIT Bombay
Lecture 15
OWL ontology: An example
Ontology: Building blocks
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Concepts
Relationships
instances
Fundamental relationships
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Hypernymy
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Subclass (man mammal
Membership (Ram ε man)
Meronymy (part whole) (hand part-of
body)
Medical Ontologies are famous
and elaborate
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UMLS, From National Library of
Medicine
MeSH (Medical Subject headings
(MeSH)
NCI (National Cancer Institute
Thesaurus)
UMLS semantic n/w
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Major groupings of semantic types include
organisms, anatomical structures, biologic
function, chemicals, events, physical objects,
and concepts or ideas.
Is-a hierarchy
Non-hierarchical relations:`physically related
to,' `spatially related to,' `temporally related
to,' `functionally related to,' and
`conceptually related to.'
Web ontology language
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OWL lite
OWL DL
OWL full
Structure of OWL document
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Name space
http://www.w3.org/2002/07/owl#
Name Space name owl
OWL header: version information,
ontology comments, import statements,
title, creator etc.
Owl:imports used to import other
ontologies
Property restriction
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Value restrictions
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OWL: AllValuesFrom
OWL: SomeValuesFrom
OWL: hasValue
Cardinality restrictions
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OWL: minCardinality
OWL: maxCardinality
OWL: cardinality
Complex classes
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Owl: Union Of
Owl: IntersectionOf
Owl: ComplementOf
Example ontology
An example from NCI: top level
ontology of “disease treatment”
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Disease-Treatment
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hasCondition: Condition
hasTreatment: Treatment
hasDisease: Disease
hasEffect: Effect
hasEvidence: Evidence
Disease class
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Equated to Disease, Disorder or finding Class
Disease, Disorder or finding
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Disease or Disorder
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Behaviour disorder
Cancer condition
Disorder by site
Genetic disorder
Hamartoma
Neoplasm
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Neoplasm by site
Neoplasm by morphology
polyp
Finding
Properties associated with
disease
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hasLocationAnatomy (equated with
Anatomic Structure, System or
Substance)
hasSizeQuantity
hasDurationQuantity
atStageDiseaseStage
Quantity class
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<Quantity>
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<Quantityvalue rdf:datatype=float>
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</Quantityvalue>
<QuantityUnit rdf:resource=Kilogram>
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59.5
KG
</ <QuantityUnit>
</Quantity>
Anatomic Structure, System or
Substance class
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Anatomic Structure, System or Substance
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Body cavity
Body Fluid or substance
Body Part
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Anatomic Surface
Cardiovascular System
Cell part
Fossa
Gastrointestinal System part
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Anterior surface of stomach
Antrum Pylori
Appendix
Treatment Class
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Two subproperties
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link
hasPrimaryTreatment and
hasSeconderyTreatment
Subclasses
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Chemotherapy Regimen
Drug, Food. Chemical or Biomedical
Material
Intervention or Procedure
Two general properties of the
treatment class
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HasfrequencyAdminstrationFrequency
(3 times a day, every 4 hours etc.)
hasDuration AdminsitrationDuration
(10 days, one month etc.)
Properties of Drug, Food and
Chemicals class link
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hasAdministration:
AdminsitrationMethod
hasDosage: Dosage
An actual instance of dosage
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MDT-1 administration:
Drug,Food,Chemicals
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Dosage: 109 cfu
AdministrationFrequency: 3 times a week
AdministrationDuration: 4 weeks
The Effect Class
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atTImeTemporalObject (how long after the treatment does the effect
occur)
hasMeasurementMethodMeasurementMethod
hasModalityModality (degree of confidence “posible”, “probable”,
“unlikely” etc.)
hasEffectObjectEfffectObject (the object upon which the effect
occurs, e.g., “skin”)
hasObjectAttributeObjectAttribute (the specific attribute being
effected, e.g., “colour”)
hasEffectTypeEffectType (e.g. “reduce”, “inhibit”, “prevent”,
“remove”)
hasEffectvalueEffectValue( specifies the direction and extent of the
effect)
hasEvidenceEvidence (to link the details of the research study and
results)
Condition class
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Three subclasses
PatientCondition (age, gender, hasMedicalhistory etc.)
DiseaseCondition (presence of disease, e.g., diabetes
will indicate a different line of treatment)
TreatmentCondition
(supportive/optiona/recommended medical
environment prior to or during the treatment and
includes the property TreatmentHistory, e.g., a
certain chemotherapy was done three weeks back)
Evidence class
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Providedby Organization (e.g., NIMH)
hasResearchLocationLocation (e.g., TMH, Mumbai)
hasResearchTypeResearchType (e.g., systematic
review, randomized control trial, animal studies etc.)
hasExperimentalSubject ExperimentalSubject (e.g.,
person, mouse etc.)
hasSampleSizeQuantity
hasDurationTemporalQuantityQuantity
Automation effort
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Extarction by a program from Medical
Abstracts
Research at NTU, Signapore uner Prof.
Christopher Khoo