Transcript Disease Prevention

Diet Related Diseases
Presented by:
Network for a Healthy California
Huntington Beach Union High School
District
This material was funded by USDA’s Food Stamp Program through the
California Department of Public Health’s Network for a Healthy California.
These institutions are equal opportunity providers and employers. The Food
Stamp Program provides nutrition assistance to people with low income. It
can help buy nutritious foods for a better diet. For information on the Food
Stamp Program, call 1-888-328-3483.
Reducing Risk
of Disease
• Why do we want to reduce our
risk of disease?
• What are some of the
diseases we see today?
Top Ten Causes of Death in
the United States
1.
2.
3.
4.
Heart Disease
Cancer
Stroke
Chronic lower
respiratory
disease
5. Accidents
6. Diabetes
7. Alzheimer’s
8. Influenza/
Pneumonia
9. Kidney
Disease
10. Blood poisoning
Reducing Risk
of Disease
We will take a look at:
• Diabetes
• Heart Disease
• Cancer
• Obesity
Diabetes
What Causes Diabetes?
• The body does not produce or
properly use insulin.
• Insulin is a hormone that allows
cells to remove and use glucose
from the blood.
Type 1 Diabetes
• Accounts for 5-10% of all
diabetes in the United States
• Results from the body’s
failure to produce insulin
• Is a genetic disease
Type 2 Diabetes
• Accounts for 90-95% of all
diabetes in the United States
• Results from increased
insulin resistance
• Caused by obesity, age,
genetics and inadequate
physical activity
Gestational Diabetes
• Diabetes during pregnancy
– Increased risk for type 2 diabetes
• How it affects the baby
– May cause larger babies
– Increased risk for obesity
– Increased risk for type 2 diabetes
Symptoms of Diabetes
• Increased thirst and frequent
urination
• Extreme hunger
• Weight loss
• Blurred vision
• Slow-healing sores or frequent
infections
Diagnosis
• Diagnosed by blood test only
– Fasting Plasma Glucose Test
– Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
• Gestational Diabetes
– Screening may be done via patient
history, clinical risk factors, or
laboratory screening
– Oral Glucose Tolerance Test
Diabetes Mellitus US Facts
23.6 million people have diabetes
• Diagnosed: 17.9 million people
• Type 1 diabetes accounts for 5 – 10%
• Type 2 diabetes accounts for 90 – 95%
• Undiagnosed: 5.7 million people
• 1.6 million cases diagnosed in
2007
We can reduce our risk of
which type of diabetes?
Complications
from Diabetes
• Heart disease
• Stroke
• Hypertension
(HTN)
• Blindness
• Kidney Disease
• Dental Disease
• Pregnancy
Complications
• Nervous System
Disease
• Amputations
What can you do to reduce
the risk of getting Type 2
Diabetes ?
Lower your risk
of Diabetes
• Maintain an appropriate
body weight
• Make healthy food
choices
• Exercise daily
Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes
Trends Among
Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 1990
No Data
<4%
4%-6%
6%-8%
8%-10%
>10%
Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes,
and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1).
Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes
Trends Among
Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 1991-1992
No Data
<4%
4%-6%
6%-8%
8%-10%
>10%
Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes,
and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1).
Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends
Among
Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 1993-1994
No Data
<4%
4%-6%
6%-8%
8%-10%
>10%
Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes,
and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1).
Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes
Trends Among
Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 1995-1996
No Data
<4%
4%-6%
6%-8%
8%-10%
>10%
Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes,
and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1).
Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes
Trends Among
Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 1997-1998
No Data
<4%
4%-6%
6%-8%
8%-10%
>10%
Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes,
and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1).
Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes
Trends Among
Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 1999
No Data
<4%
4%-6%
6%-8%
8%-10%
>10%
Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes,
and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1).
Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends
Among
Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 2000
No Data
<4%
4%-6%
6%-8%
8%-10%
>10%
Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes,
and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1).
Diabetes and Gestational Diabetes Trends
Among
Adults in the U.S., BRFSS 2001
No Data
<4%
4%-6%
6%-8%
8%-10%
>10%
Mokdad AH, Ford ES, Bowman BA, et al. Prevalence of obesity, diabetes,
and other obesity-related health risk factors, 2001. JAMA 2003 Jan 1;289(1).
Heart Disease
Heart Disease
Each year –
• Heart disease affects 7 million
Americans
• Approximately 500,000 people
die from heart attacks
Coronary Heart Disease
• CHD results from the
narrowing of the coronary
arteries that feed the heart
• Atherosclerosis is the gradual
build up of plaques in blood
vessels that feed the heart
Cholesterol
• Cholesterol is a waxy, fat-like
substance that occurs
naturally in the body.
• The body uses cholesterol for
hormone, vitamin D and bile
acid production.
• High cholesterol levels may
increase your risk for
developing CHD.
What foods contain
cholesterol?
Sources of cholesterol
• Animal products
– Meat
– Milk
– Butter
– Eggs
– Cheese
• Our body also produces
cholesterol
Risk Factors for CHD
Risk Factors that cannot be
controlled:
• Age
• Gender
• Genetics
Risk Factors for CHD
• Risk Factors that can be
controlled:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Smoking
High Cholesterol
Hypertension (HTN)
Physical Inactivity
Obesity
Diabetes
Stress
Alcohol Consumption
What can you do to reduce
the risk of heart disease?
Reduce the risk of CHD
• Be at or near appropriate
body weight
• Exercise regularly – 60
minutes a day
• Lower intake of saturated
fat and trans fat
• Increase Omega-3-Fatty
Acids
• Relaxation techniques
• Monitor sodium intake
Cancer
Cancer
• The term “cancer” refers to a
group of diseases in which
abnormal cells grow
• Different kinds of cancer – lung,
breast, colon – most common
• Tissue cancer – cartilage, muscle
• Immature blood cells form another
type of cancer
What Causes Cancer?
•
•
•
•
Viruses
Excessive exposure to UV
Obesity
Low fruit and vegetable intake
What Causes Cancer?
• Cigarette smoking is
responsible for most lung
cancer
• Excessive alcohol can increase
the risk of mouth, throat &
esophagus cancer
• People who smoke & drink have
40 times the risk
Lung cancer cells
What Causes Cancer?
• Occupations
• Air and car pollution
Smoking Facts
• Almost 90% of adult smokers
are addicted at or before age 18.
• About one-third of 3,000 youth
who start to smoke will die from
smoking – mainly cancer.
• 28.5% of high school students
have smoked within the last 30
days
Cancer Facts
• About half overweight children
become overweight adults
• Being overweight increases risk
of developing cancer and other
heart diseases
What can you do to reduce
your risk of Cancer?
Which food groups
would you want to
increase?
Obesity
Obesity
Definition:
• Overweight - a BMI between 25
and 29.9
• Obesity- a BMI of 30 or higher
BMI is a calculation that is a ratio
of your weight to height.
Obesity can increase
risk of:
– coronary heart disease
– breast cancer, prostate cancer,
colon cancer, uterine cancer
– stroke
– arthritis
– gallbladder disease
– sleep apnea, respiratory
problems
– metabolic syndrome
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1985
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
> 15%
NA
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1986
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
> 15%
NA
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1987
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
> 15%
NA
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1988
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
> 15%
NA
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1989
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
> 15%
NA
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1990
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
> 15%
NA
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1991
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
15% - 19%
NA
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1992
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
15% - 19%
NA
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1993
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
15% - 19%
NA
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1994
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
15% - 19%
NA
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1995
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
15% - 19%
NA
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1996
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
15% - 19%
NA
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1997
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
15% - 19%
≥20%
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1998
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
15% - 19%
≥20%
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 1999
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
15% - 19%
≥20%
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2000
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
15% - 19%
≥20%
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2001
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
15% - 19%
20-24%
≥25%
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2002
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
15% - 19%
20-24%
≥25%
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2003
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
15% - 19%
20-24%
≥25%
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2004
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
15% - 19%
20-24%
≥25%
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2005
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
<10%
10-15%
15% -19%
20-24%
25-29%
>30%
Prevalence of Obesity* among
U.S. Adults BRFSS, 2006
(*Approximately 30 pounds overweight)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
25%–29%
≥30%
Prevalence of Obesity* Among U.S.
Adults BRFSS, 2007
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
25%–29%
≥30%
Prevalence of Obesity* Among U.S.
Adults BRFSS, 2008
(*BMI ≥30, or ~ 30 lbs. overweight for 5’ 4” person)
No Data
<10%
10%–14%
15%–19%
20%–24%
25%–29%
≥30%
Obesity
• It is easier to prevent weight
gain than it is to take it off
• Set goals to change lifestyle
habits now
– Change diet
– Reduce portion sizes
– And increase physical activity
Reducing Risk
of Disease
• After taking a look at:
• Diabetes
• Heart Disease
• Cancer
• Obesity
• Can What You Eat REALLY
Make a Difference?
Can What You Eat REALLY
Make a Difference?
Increase
• Whole grain
products
• Fruits and
vegetables
• Low fat or fat free
dairy products
• Lean meats, fish,
nuts, beans
• Unsaturated fats
such as olive oil
• Water
Decrease
• Fast foods
• Sodas
• Candy and
Sweets
• Potato Chips
• Saturated fats
such as butter
• Salty foods
• How can you:
– Improve eating habits?
• Reduce fat and sugar intake?
– Increase physical activity?
A few ideas…
• Eat Breakfast!
• Include fruit or vegetables at every
meal or snack
• Have a piece of fruit instead of
dessert
• Limit soda to no more than one a
day
• Order small instead of large fries
• Walk when you talk on the phone
• Walk the whole mall each time you
go
Conclusion
 For a Healthy Future
 Set small, achievable goals to
change your lifestyle and meet
guidelines for eating & exercise.