Transcript Food Additives - Overview - Home

Food Additives - Overview
 Regulations
 Reasons
for additives
 Classes of additives
 Functions of additives
 Interactions of additives and effect
on food characteristics
Regulations
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Food and Drug Act
– Food Additives Defined
– Food Supplements Defined
– GRAS and Grand Father Clause
– Self Affimed GRAS
– Delaney Clause
– Labeling
Why Additives
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Formulated Foods
– >5000 foods in the Grocery Stores that combine
multiple components to give desired
characteristics to the product
– Each component is there for a specific purpose
– Least cost functionality
– Synergistic effects
The Purpose of Additives
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Taste
Aroma
Eye Appeal - color
Texture
Reduce fat
Reduce sugar
Reduce calories
Enhance health
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Interact with other
components to
enhance desired
characteristic(s)
 Extend Shelf-life
– Anti-microbial agents
– Anti-oxidants
– Control pH (>4.6)
– Control Aw (<-.85)
The components of a formulated food will
generally have a combination of different
structures
–water, sugars,salts
 Colloids – proteins, gums, starch
 Gels- formed from proteins, gums and
starches or combinations
 Foams – can be combination of
proteins, proteins +lipids, etc.
 Emulsions –lipids + emulsifiers
 Solutions
Classes of Additives
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Antimicrobial
Antioxidants
Sequestrants
Color
Flavors/ flavor
enhancers
Nutritive Additives
Polyols
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Proteins
Fat
Starches
Gums
Surface Active –
emulsifiers
Leavening agents
 Acidulants
 Phosphates
Why Can’t We Always Tell the
Exact Function of an Additve?
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Additives do have defined functions in foods
 However, they also have “hidden” functions
because of interactions to provide a different
characteristic than provided by each component
alone
 Often we can not predict the final food
characteristics based on simple functionality alone
– [Surface response methodology]
Interactions
Cabohydrates
(Starch/gums)
Proteins
Fat
Surfactants
Modified by pH and minerals
Modified by order of additon
(Who sees who first)
Take Home Message

The use of food additives is regulated
 Foods additives are there for a purpose
 There are many different classes of
additives with different functions
 Interactions between additives are often
important in the final characteristics of the
food