Transcript Reporting to WHO_N.Dasgupta

Reporting to WHO
• Death certificate  National statistics  WHO
• International Classification of Disease (ICD)
– All poisonings
– Drug poisonings
– Drug abuse/dependence
• Each country identifies deaths differently
• Just because a drug is present in a death,
doesn’t mean it caused the death
Possible Overdose Deaths
Country
Year(s)
Deaths/year
(average)
Rate per
100,000
Russia
1999-2004
Kazakhstan
All
Poisonings
Drug
Poisonings
Drug
Abuse
6,250
4.3

2004
440
2.9

Tajikistan
1981-2001
117
2.2
Kyrgyzstan
2000-2004
45
0.92


Georgia
1998-2001
5
0.11







All Poisonings (includes not from drugs)
Russia
1999-2004
66,906
46.5

Ukraine
1981-2004
12,002
23.8

Kazakhstan
2004
3,285
21.9

Low Data Quality
China
1987-1999
6,190*
* Urban areas representing approximately 10% of the population

drug user surveys
ambulance
hospital data
Project Lazarus
W i l ke s C o u n t y, N o r t h C a ro l i n a , U S A
source + more info at projectlazarus.org
source + more info at projectlazarus.org
source + more info at projectlazarus.org
source + more info at projectlazarus.org
source + more info at projectlazarus.org
source + more info at projectlazarus.org
Why Data Matters
• Collecting information on overdoses and
overdose reversals can help your clients, your
program and your country’s health policy.
• Applications of data:
– Client feedback & starting dialogue
– Program planning
– Grant writing
– Policy/advocacy
– Program evaluation
What Data Tell Us
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What’s the problem?
Is it different now than it was in the past?
Is it different for different people?
Is it different from my place to your place?
What can we do now to intervene?
Did we fix it?
Translating Street to Science
1. Clients interviewed by outreach workers
[every day]
2. Paper forms collected and data entered in computer
[once or twice per month]
3. Data are analyzed and reports written
[twice per year]
4. Information is provided to politicians,
medical providers, law enforcement, funders
[once per year]
Putting Numbers into Words - 1
• Alliance (Ukraine) Baseline Questionnaire
• Can be used to describe the problem
• “Our clients have experienced ____ [Q10a]
overdoses in the past 6 months, and
witnessed ____ [Q13a] overdoses. Overdose is
a significant problem in our community.”
Putting Numbers into Words - 2
• Alliance (Ukraine) Naloxone Refill
Questionnaire
• Can be used to promote/evaluate the program
• “Our clients witnessed or gave naloxone ____
[Q12] times since [date]. In ____% [Q16] of
the cases, the person lived. Our clients can
effectively use naloxone to prevent overdose
deaths.”