Transcript Individual Drug Info

SIMILAR PROPERTIES ACROSS DRUGS
Withdrawal (physical dependence)
Psychological dependence
Tolerance
DIFFERENCES
Forms
Availability
DEA Schedule
Effects
 Acute
 Chronic
 Overdose
Persons
Photo, originally taken by Thoric, available to use
in the public domain
METHAMPHETAMINE
Famous/notorious for laboratory production, short-term dopamine
effects & long-term effects
Stimulant (blood pressure, heart rate, alertness)
DEA: Schedule II substance (Dexoxyn: ADD, narcolepsy, weight
control)
METHAMPHETAMINE ACUTE EFFECTS
 Intense high/euphoria
 May last up to 12 hours (longer than cocaine)
 Meth Inside and Out video describing effects
 Comparison: meth vs cocaine,Brookhaven National
Laboratory, 2008
METHAMPHETAMINE CHRONIC EFFECTS
Chronic users may experience hallucinations, rage, paranoia, heart “meth
mouth;” brain cell death; damage to dopamine-, serotonin-containing
nerve cells
 Crank Bugs (Meth Project)
 Meth Mouth (Meth Project)
 Ashley’s Story (Meth Project)
 Research supports both brain damage as well as lack of brain damage
LSD
•Albert Hoffman: “Last Friday,
April 16,1943, I was forced to
interrupt my work in the laboratory
in the middle of the afternoon and
proceed home, being affected by a
remarkable restlessness, combined
with a slight dizziness. At home I
lay down and sank into a not
unpleasant intoxicated-like
condition, characterized by an
extremely stimulated imagination.
In a dreamlike state, with eyes
closed (I found the daylight to be
unpleasantly glaring), I perceived
an uninterrupted stream of
fantastic pictures, extraordinary
shapes with intense, kaleidoscopic
play of colors. After some two
hours this condition faded away.”
LSD
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Schedule I hallucinogen synthesized in 1930s
Manufacturing secretive: Nick Sand (National Geographic)
LSD famous/notorious for its short-term effects
• Visual hallucinations (images, color, light)
• Altered perception of senses
• “Seeing sounds, hearing colors”
• Color, size of objects
• Altered perception of time, depth
• Potential anxiety/panic
• Experiences can vary widely
• Serotonin receptors may be excited or inhibited
• LSD experimentation on British soldiers (YouTube.com)
LSD
Chronic effects may involve flashbacks
 Sudden onset of abnormal perceptions
 Persistent flashbacks known as Hallucinogen Persisting Perception Disorder
CONTROVERSIAL FIGURE
Carl Hart, Columbia University (YouTube)
2C-I
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“Smiles”
Synthetic substance
Usually inhaled or
taken orally; may also
be taken via blotter
paper
Stimulant &
hallucinogenic
properties
Schedule I
2C-I
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Impacts dopamine &
serotonin
Onset of effects may not
be immediate, triggering
overdose
Little information on
brain impact
Additives, chemical
changes make drug
unpredictable, similar to
bath salts
MDMA
• Molly, Ecstasy,
Thizz
• Synthetic drug
• Stimulant and
hallucinogenic
properties
MDMA
Acute effects on the brain
 Increased serotonin release
 Increased dopamine release
 Increased norepinephrine release
 Effects will vary since formula is not standardized or regulated
 Effects will vary based on the synthetic nature of substance
 MDMA-assisted therapy (Multidisciplinary Association for
Psychedelic Studies, video; 0-2:00; 14 subjects, per website)
MDMA
 Chronic effects are controversial, per Carl Hart
 Well-circulated animal studies showing neuron damage
SYNTHETICS ARE CURRENTLY POPULAR
2C-I, MDMA, bath salts, synthetic cannabis
Lower price (think about economy’s influence)
Drug popularity changes with time (synthetics were popular in
1970s)
Health-related issues will subsequently ebb and flow as drugs move
in and out of favor
That acknowledged, some can be devastating: Krokodil (CBS, 2013)
CANNABIS
Cannabis sativa
 Different
subspecies/varietals used
for clothing vs drug use
Active ingredient: THC
DEA: Schedule I
Despite state regulations,
marijuana still federally
illegal
CANNABIS
(SOURCE: PROCON.ORG)
Alaska (98)
Montana (04)
Arizona (10)
Nevada (00)
California (96)
New Hampshire (13)
Colorado (00)
New Jersey (10)
Connecticut (12)
New Mexico (07)
Delaware (11)
Oregon (98)
Hawaii (00)
Rhode Island (06)
Illinois (13)
Vermont (04)
Maine (99)
Washington (98)
Michigan (08)
Washington, DC (10)
CANNABIS
THS acts on cannabinoid receptors, increases dopamine, serotonin
Increases appetite
ASAP Science: Your Brain on Marijuana (via YouTube)
Chronic effects: respiratory distress, mood swings, memory & other
cognitive factors may be affected (potential hippocampus damage)
Overdose generally doesn’t occur
 Large amount required
 Smoking a lot may induce sleepiness
 Eating too much may trigger nausea, vomiting
 Q13 News story, Michigan
Mixing any chemical substances can potentially cause a problem
MUSHROOMS
Psilocybin/psilocin are two
active psychoactive
substances found in “magic
mushrooms”
Couple dozen species
Taken orally
Recognized for centuries
Probably used in religious rites
Hallucinogen
Schedule I
MUSHROOMS
Acute effects:
 Relaxation
 Altered perception of reality
 Altered perception of time
 Sense of connection to others/universe
 Visual hallucinations (images, color, light)
 Potential for anxiety and subsequent panic, heart rate & blood pressure increase
Chronic effects:
 A “bad trip” may trigger fear
 Hallucinogens may exacerbate mental illness
Being investigated as treatment for OCD, depression, smoking cessation
 Johns Hopkins Psilocybin Cancer Project (via YouTube, 0:30-4:03)