Transcript Chp 13 & 14 Addiction & #56

Addiction & Sexual Health
Chps. 13 & 14
www.wou.edu/~timkeng for notes
Final Exam next week – check schedule
Multiple choice & T/F – 50 questions
Chps. – 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 13, 14
Will use a scantron
Addiction
• A problem of imbalance or unease within the
body and mind.
• Addictive behavior:
– Any habit that has gotten out of control, resulting in a
negative impact on a person’s health.
Addiction / Addictive Behaviors
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Exercise
Work
Eating
Gambling
Buying / shopping
Caffeine
Pornography
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TV
Video Games
Internet
Sex
Drugs
Alcohol
Tobacco
Addiction
• What are contributors to addiction?
– Combination of…
• Individual characteristics & genetics
• Environment
• Substance / Activity itself
• Why do people become addicted?
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Stress
Painful emotions
Difficulty managing life
Filling a hole
Substituting addictive behaviors for healthier coping
strategies
Four stages of chemical dependency
1. Experimentation
2. Regular use
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No preoccupation
long period w/o use
few, if any, negative consequences (job, family, law)
?? Can people regularly use marijuana,
methamphetamine, crack or heroin
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85% who use cocaine, heroin and meth. become addicts
Four stages of chemical dependency
3. Misuse
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Physiological tolerance – it takes more
Preoccupation
Some discomfort when w/o – alcohol used as a
substitute
More conflict, isolation, irritability and moodiness,
legal & financial problems, job-related problems
Health problems
High levels of stress
Four stages of chemical dependency
4.
Addiction / Dependency
• Constant preoccupation with next fix, drink, smoke
• Don’t see the consequences of dependency
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Constant justification
Typically see themselves as regular users, not addicts
Physiological & psychological craving
Pattern of misuse and no use
Hitting bottom before willing to change
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You know you’ve hit rock bottom when you’ve run out of
ways to define it.
You can’t adjust your definition of rock bottom anymore.
The continuum
• Where are you?
Judgment
Ignorance
• Are you an enabler?
Empathy
Understanding
Sexual Health
• Why do people engage in sexually risky
behaviors?
• Did you know….
– ~40,000 people in US are infected with HIV each
year
• Regardless of the public health messages over the last 15
years
– Syphilis is back
– WHY???????
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
• A US Epidemic
– Daily, 1 million people are infected with STDs (not
including HIV) worldwide
– Each year, 15 million Americans are infected with an
STD
– 25% of all Americans will acquire an STD in their
lifetime
– 68 million Americans currently have an incurable
STD
• 25 known STDs, many are incurable
AIDS – U.S. cases for Men
1%
8%
1%
5%
Men - sex w/ another man
Injection drug use
Men - sex w/ men or injection drug
use
Heterosexual contact
8%
Blood transfusion/blood
components
Hemophilia
55%
22%
Other / undetermined
AIDS – U.S. cases for Women
0%
16%
0%
Men - sex w/ another man
3%
Injection drug use
40%
Men - sex w/ men or injection drug
use
Heterosexual contact
Blood transfusion/blood components
Hemophilia
Other / undetermined
41%
0%
HIV infection worldwide - estimate
2%
0%
2%
3%
6%
0%
Men - sex w/ another man
Injection drug use
Men - sex w/ men or injection drug
use
Heterosexual contact
Blood transfusion/blood
components
Hemophilia
Other / undetermined
87%
Relative Risks
High
Risk
•Unprotected Anal Sex
•Unprotected Vaginal Intercourse
•Oral Sex
•Sharing of sex toys
•Use of a condom
•Hand-genital contact & deep kissing
•Sex w/ only one uninfected & totally
faithful partner
No
Risk
•Activities w/o exchange of bodily
fluids
•Abstinence
Sexual Health
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www.who.int
www.cdc.gov
www.thebody.com
www.hivinsite.ucsf.edu/