Transcript psychotropics-2

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u9Xw1LCKACE
Eckhart Tolle: What is the purpose of mental illness?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lagC4l7SO0
“No drug can mend a broken heart,
fill an empty life, or teach parents
how to love their children.”
Preston, John in: ”Child and Clinical
Psychopharmacology.2006
PSYCHOTROPICS
• Antianxiety Drugs
• Antidepressants
• Antipsychotics
• Antimanics
ANXIETY DISORDERS
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Panic disorder
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Social anxiety disorder
Specific phobias
Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Antianxiety Drugs
History:
1830: Chloral Hydrate – induces sleep
within 30 minutes (“Mickey Finn”)
1882:Paraldehyde - used to treat DTs
Bromide Salts – used for sleep and
anxieties
Barbiturates
1864 – Adolf von Baeyer synthesized
malonic acid and urea – barbituric acid –
3000 compounds have been synthesized
and 50 have been marketed
barbiturates have been recommended for
77 different disorders
( Reinisch & Sanders,1982)
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
Benzodiazepines
Five primary effects:
a) hypnotic
b) anxiolytic
c) anti-seizure
d) muscle relaxant
e) amnestic
Long-acting drugs
Valium,
Librium,
Dalmane,
Tranxene
rodrigoedipo.files.wordpress
Intermediateacting drugs:
Ativan
Restoril
Klonopin
ProSom
Short-acting Benzodiazepines:
Versed
Xanax
Halcion
Massive Drug Raid At Neverland Revealed…
When Santa Barbara County Sheriff's deputies raided Michael Jackson's Neverland
Ranch in 2003, drug and drug-related paraphernalia was found in droves.
Below is the list of discovered items:
- A vial of powerful sedative, Versed
- Several IV bags containing "a milky white fluid, located in a small cardboard box on
top of the bathtub." Propofol and other anesthesias are milky white.
- A vial of Promethazine, an antihistamine with strong sedative effects
- A bottle of Alprazolam, a generic for Xanax
- A bottle of Percocet, a painkiller
- A syringe
- A vial containing Demerol
- Numerous loose pills outside bottles
- A bottle of Prednisone, a steroid
- Ery-tab, an antibiotic
- Filled prescriptions for Xanax
- Prescription for Alprazolam
- Oxygen tanks
- IV stands
http://perezhilton.com/2009-07-10-massive-drug-raid-at-neverland-revealed
When benzodiazepine drugs are in the vicinity of GABA
receptors, the action of GABA is increased.
Facilitation of GABA produces a greater inhibition and a
decreased activity level in the neurons involved.
Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2008
NONBENZODIAZEPINE
SEDATIVE-HYPNOTICS AND
ANTIANXIETY DRUGS
• Zolpidem (Ambien)
Buspirone (BuSpar)
• Beta blockers (Tenormin, Lopressor,
Inderal)
Date Rape drugs
• Rohypnol – flunitrazepam – long acting
benzodiazepine – 10 times stronger than
Valium
• Known as “roofies”, “R2”, “Mexican
Valium”
Mass overdose of students blamed on
date rape drug
“A dozen American students have
been hospitalized after having
their drinks spiked, possibly with
the date-rape drug rohypnol, at a
freshers party in Washington
state.
Police discovered partygoers in
various states of consciousness
on Saturday night after they
kicked down the door of a house
in the small town of Roslyn, near
Seattle, after reports of a possible
overdose. “
http://www.thefirstpost.co.uk/69934,news-comment,news-politics
Date Rape Drugs continued
• GHB – gamma-hydroxybutyrate
a potent sedative depressant
a body building aid
used for sexual enhancement
Low doses:
Overdose:
Euphoria
Decreased inhibitions
Headache
Nausea and vomiting
Hallucinations
Seizures
Amnesia
Respiratory depression
Loss of consciousness,
coma,
and possibly death
High Doses:
Extensive muscle relaxation
Disorientation
Sleepiness and lethargy
Confusion
Loss of coordination and balance
Heart rate and respiration lower
Impaired learning and memory
http://www.cesar.umd.edu/cesar/drugs/ghb.asp
Party drug GHB is addictive
Published on : 16 May 2010 - 5:30am | By Belinda van Steijn
“A growing number of young Dutch people
are signing themselves into a drug clinic to
kick their addiction to the party drug GHB
(Gamma Hydroxybutyric acid). The drug,
which was initially considered to be
relatively innocent, has since been found to
be extremely addictive.”
http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/party-drug-ghb-addictive
Antidepressants
• First Generation antidepressants
MAOIs – monoamine oxidase inhibitors
Nardil, Parnate
TCAs – tricyclic antidepressants
Elavil, Tofranil
Antidepressants continued
Second Generation antidepressants
SSRIs – Prozac, Paxil, Zoloft
SNRIs – Effexor, Edronax
Third generation antidepressant–
Remeron, Serzone
GENERATIONS OF
ANTIPSYCHOTIC MEDICATIONS
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First-generation drugs (Thorazine, Prolixin,
Haldol, Mellaril, Navane, Stelazine)
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Second-generation drugs (Clozaril,
Loxitane, Zyprexa, Risperdal, Geodon)
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Third-generation drugs (Abilify)
TYPICAL AND ATYPICAL
ANTIPSYCHOTIC DRUGS
First-generation antipsychotic drugs are called
typical antipsychotics because they can induce
movement-control problems (Parkinson’s-like
symptoms).
Second-generation and third-generation
antipsychotics are called atypical antipsychotics
because they do not induce this side effect.
EVIDENCE FOR THE DOPAMINE
HYPOTHESIS OF SCHIZOPHRENIA
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Parkinson’s-like side effects when treated
with first-generation antipsychotics
indicate that dopamine levels have
changed
Drugs that are most effective in treating
schizophrenia are the ones that most
effectively block dopamine
Overdose in an anti-Parkinson’s drug
produces schizophrenic-like symptoms
MEDICATIONS FOR MANIA
OR BIPOLAR DISORDER
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Lithium carbonate
Valproate (Depakote)
Risperidone (Risperdal)
Ziprasidone (Geodon)
Combination of Zyprexa and Prozac
(Symbyax)