Transcript School Drug Testing

Induction Program for NAPs
(2012/13)---Healthy School Policy
Anti-drug Education Section, EDB
13 Dec 2012
1
 Background
 Latest Drug Scene
 Healthy School Policy
 School Drug Testing
 Handling Drugs Related
Incidents on Campus
2
The 2008/09 Survey of Drug Use Among
Students
 Conducted every 4 years by the
Narcotics Division
 Targets: P.4 to S.7 and post-
secondary students selected
randomly by district
 A total of 158 089 students had
completed the questionnaires,
covering about 20% of the
student population
http://www.nd.gov.hk/en/survey_of_drug_use.htm
3
Survey findings
 The number of drug-taking
youths aged under 21
increased drastically from
2,186 in 2004 to 3,430 in 2008
 The lowering of age of taking
drugs was apparent among
students aged under 12
4
Overall situation of drug-taking problem
% of drugtaking
students
Upper Primary
Secondary
% of students % of students
taking drug in taking drugs
the past 1
in the past 30
year
days
1.6%
0.8%
0.5%
4.3% (3.3%)
2.6%
1.5% (0.8%)
Note: Number in brackets represent the percentage in 2004/05 survey
5
Overall situation of drug-taking problem
Distribution of drug-taking students in schools
School
Selected
School
School with School with
drug30-day drugtaking
taking
students
students
Upper Primary
94
84
46
Secondary
112
111
101
6
《Report of the Task Force on Youth Drug Abuse》
(Issued on November 2008)
Over 70 recommendations to
fight against DRUGS
!
http://www.nd.gov.hk/en/report_youth_drug_abuse.htm
7
Policy & Strategies
 Healthy School Policy
 Voluntary School Drug Testing
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Latest position
Statistic kept by Central Registry of Drug Abuse
A comparison between 2011 and 2012
 The no. of report young drug abuser aged under




21 decreased by 22%
Average age of first drug abuse remains at 15
75% young drug abusers aged under 21 take drugs
at home/friend’s home (very “hidden”)
No. of people taking drugs in the Mainland
decreased by 32.4%
Much Longer time for new drug abusers to be
reached by help networks 1.9 yr(2009)
3.5yr (2011)
9
Venues for taking drugs
(young drug abusers aged under 21)
Usual venues for taking drugs
Percentage
Home/Friend’s home
75.1%
Public areas like recreation
area/public garden/toilet
Disco/karaoke
31.9 %
School
13.4 %
0.6%
Note： young drug abusers were allowed to choose more than one
answer.
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Sources of Money
• Free of charge
• Pocket money
• Stealing
• Sell drugs
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Common Drugs
Ketamine
K仔(茄)
1
5
Thinner
天拿水
Codeine
止咳水
2
Methylamphetamine
4
甲基安非他明 (冰)
冰
Heroin
海洛英
Ecstasy
忘我/
搖頭丸
3
Cocaine
可卡因
Cannabis
大麻
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Type of drugs taken by
primary and secondary students

Among drug-taking primary students:
「Codeine」
「Thinner」

Among drug-taking secondary students:
「Ketamine」
「Methamphetamine」
「Cocaine」
*The situation various with the development of the drug market
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Harmful effects of abusing different substances
Drug
Heroin
(white
powder)
Effects
Dependence, Drowsiness,
Respiratory depression, Nausea, etc.
Cannabis
(grass)
Disoriented behaviour, Impaired judgement, Bronchitis,
Conjunctivitis, Endocrine disorders, etc.
Methaqualone
(Fak Duck)
Dependence, Slurred speech, Disorientation, Impaired
memory and thinking, Depression or mood swings, Sleep
disorder, etc.
Methylamphetamine
(Ice)
Insomnia, Depression, Loss of appetite, Heart and kidney
failure, etc.
Fluitrazepam (Cross)
Dependence, Drowsiness, Dizziness, Sedation, Depression,
Hostility, Loss of memory, etc.
Ketamine
(K jai)
Slurred speech, Impaired long-term memory, Impaired
motor function, Respiratory/ heart problems, etc.
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Policy & Strategies
 Healthy School Policy
 Voluntary School Drug Testing
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Healthy School Policy (HSP)
Circular No. 2/2010 issued in February 2010
 announced the details of implementing the HSP
 encouraged schools to construct a drug free campus
culture
1. Formulate Healthy School Policy according to the students’
and schools’ specific needs.
2. Make the HSP an integral part of their Three-Year School
Development Plan and Annual School Plan
3. Report progress and assessment of implementation in
Annual Report
16
Objective of HSP

Develop students'
healthy lifestyles,
positive attitudes and
values, practical life
skills and refusal skills.
17
Framework of HSP
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Element 1 : Organization
 Set up a task group
 Work out a school-based HSP development plan
(students’ needs, school’s focus, resources)
 Ensure all school members are aware of and support
the HSP
 Implement and review regularly the HSP
19
Work of the Task Group on HSP
1. Administration
2. Formulating school rules
3. Creating Caring Culture
4. Teachers
5. Anti-drug education
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Element 2: Healthy Environment
 Provide a safe, healthy and drug-free school
environment for students
 Adopt a Whole School Approach to guidance and
discipline and foster a caring, supportive school ethos
 Strengthen relation with parents and the community
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Element 3: Students’ Healthy Lifestyles
 Review and renew existing anti-drug education
 Encourage students’ participate in health services
 Review and plan for continuous professional
development of teachers & other staff
 Strengthen cooperation with parents
22
Implementation of anti-drug education (1):
Modes

Integrate into the school curriculum

Implement relevant personal growth programme
designed by other organizations


共創成長路 (PATHS)

成長的天空 (UAP)

成長新動力 (AHP)
Develop a school-based anti-drug education
curriculum
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Implementation of anti-drug education (2):
Mode 1---Integrate into the school curriculum
Level
Primary 1 to 3
Primary 4 to 6
Secondary 1 to 3
Secondary 4 to 6
Curriculum
General Studies, Physical
Education, Moral and Civic
Education
Personal, Social and Humanity
Education, Physical Education,
Moral and Civic Education
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Mode of implementation on anti-drug education (3):
Mode 2---Implement relevant programme designed by other
organizations
Level
Curriculum
Primary
4 to 6
Adopt the UAP through class teacher
Secondary
1 to 3
Implement PATHS through class teacher
periods or the curriculum on personal
growth education
periods or activities after school
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Implementation Mode on anti-drug education (4):
Recommended Contact Hours
Learning stage
Recommended Contact Hours per
annum
Key Stage 1
(P1 to P3)
Key Stage 2
(P3 to P6)
At least 10 hours
Key Stage 3
(S1 to S3)
At least 15 hours
Key Stage 4
(S4 to S6)
At least 10 hours
At least 15 hours
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Element 4: Identification and Referral
 Provide checklists for identification of students
 Draw up clear guildlines / protocols and procedures
on handling of cases and internal sharing of
information
 Plans for follow up support
 Review regularly the service and referral system
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Support to schools
1. Website of Healthy School Policy
http://www.edb.gov.hk/hsp/
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2. Resource Kit for Schools
Chapter 1：Healthy School Policy
Chapter 2：Anti-drug Education

Implementation Strategies
Chapter 3：Identification and Management

Reasons for students to take drugs and Identification
of at-risk students

Handle Drugs Related Incident

Follow-up, counselling and support
Website：http://antidrug.u21.hk
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3. Education Magazine (ETV Programmes)
「校園裏的鳳凰樹 – 健康校園政策的推行」
ETV (http://etv.edb.gov.hk)
Hkedcity (http://etv.hkedcity.net/Home/Pages/Index.aspx)
Video clip
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4. Increase the Manpower of Police School
Liaison Officers

Increase from 85 officers in 201094
officers in 2011.
5. Increase the Manpower of School Social
Workers

Increase the manpower of school social
workers by 20% in 2011
31
Support to teachers
• Half-day on-site training for teachers
• 2-day advanced training programmes
for senior and guidance teachers
• Experience sharing sessions for
teachers
32
Support to students
 Anti-drug education talks
 From P3 to S6
 To enhance the students’ knowledge
on drugs, build up healthy lifestyles
and positive values
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Support to parents
• Anti-drug Resource Kit for Parents
• Anti-drug Education leaflet
• Anti-drug talks
• Hotline: 186 186
Website：http://www.parentedu-fightdrug.org.hk/en/index.php
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Other resources
Beat Drugs Fund
Quality Education Fund
Useful websites
 Anti-drug resources for teachers and social workers
(http://www.nd.gov.hk/en/resources_teachers.htm)
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School Drug Testing
Purposes:
For prevention
 For rendering assistance to students

36
School Drug Testing
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Research Report

successfully enhanced student’s
resolve to refuse drugs and motivated
students abusing drugs to seek help

helped establish Drug-free School
Culture
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School Drug Testing
School Program
Healthy
 School-based preventive and anti-drug
education activities---students, parents
and teachers
 Drug testing--- a commitment of students;
urine, hair or mixed
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Healthy School Programme
 school-based and student-oriented
 pair up schools within a district, with the same
school sponsoring body, sharing the same
aspirations, or receiving services from the
same NGO
 Schools can consider different choice of testing
methods (urine / hair / mixed mode)
 Schools can partner with NGOs / CCPSAs freely
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School’s Concerns
 Labeling Effect---student enrolment
 Controversial
 Increase Workload
 Effectiveness
 Resources
41
Role of Government



Provide resources and support to
participated schools / parties
Provide professional advice and a reference
protocol
Help match interested school with a NGO
Interested schools can apply for funding from the
Beat Drugs Fund.
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Reference
 Trial Scheme on School Drug Testing in Tai Po District
(http://www.nd.gov.hk/en/school_drug_test_tp.htm)
 Narcotics Division
(www.nd.gov.hk)
 Resource materials on School Drug Testing
(www.edb.gov.hk/hsp/)
 Beat Drugs Fund
(http://www.nd.gov.hk/en/beat.htm)
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Handle Drugs Related
Incidents on Campus
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Related Law and Ordinance
 Dangerous Drugs Ordinance
危險藥物條例
 Personal Data (Privacy) Ordinance
個人資料（私隠）條例
45
Criminal liabilities on drug-taking
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Principles of handling drug-taking students
•Protect the education right of students
•Cross professional collaboration
• Follow-up plan for drug taking students
• Privacy data of the students and parents is
well-protected.
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Categorization of Drug Abuse Cases (1)--The stages of drug dependency
Preliminary
Trial Stage
Intermittence
Drug Taking
Stage






Dependence
Stage




Free supply
Group sharing
No fixed drug taking time or mode
Regularly visit entertainment venues with an
intention to take drugs, e.g. every holiday or
festival
Drug tolerance
No obvious side effects
Actively looking for / buying drugs
High drug tolerance
Increase dosage and drug kinds for better effect
Starts to take multiple kinds of drugs at the same
time
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Categorization of Drug Abuse Cases (2)--Degree of dependency on drugs
Physical
Dependence
The drug addicts would display painful withdrawal
symptoms when they stop taking drugs, eg,
•cramps, stomach ache, headache, insomnia, etc
Psychological The drug addicts would display negative feelings and
Dependence moods when they stop taking drugs, eg,
•depression, desperation and sense of powerless, etc
Social
Dependence
The drug taking habits stem from social activities,
eg,
•birthdays, festival celebration and gatherings, etc.
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Signs and behaviour of drug use
 Strange equipment
 Wear sun-glasses inappropriately
 Wear long sleeves inappropriately
 Strange smell from body, always scratch oneself
 Serious decayed teeth
 Usage of drug terminologies or names
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Handling Students Involved in Drug Abuse (1)
Do:
 Carefully handle the students’ personal information
 Respect and care for the students’ mental and health
condition
 Pay attention to the behavioural change of the
students
 Build up a friendly environment before discussing the
problem with the students
 Demonstrate an accepting and understanding attitude
 Cooperate with parents
 Make use of community resources
 Communicate with different stakeholders
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Handling Students Involved in Drug Abuse (2)
Don’t:
 Destroy or contaminate the evidence
 Overreact
 Argue with the students when they are under the
influence of drugs
 Reprimand individual student openly
 Over emphasis the negative effects of taking drugs
 Force the student to kick drugs
 Adopt an indifferent attitude, as this may make the
drug taking students feel isolated
52
Guidelines to Handle Drugs Related
Incident on Campus(1)
If a school suspects or knows students taking drugs, the
school should:
 Contact parents for information
 Obtain opinion from the Police School Liaison Officer
and notify EDB
 Obtain assistance from professionals or organizations
listed below at an earlier stage, so that students can
get appropriate counseling and follow-up services:
 Primary School Guidance Teacher / Student Guidance
Teacher / Student guidance personnel;
 Secondary School Social Worker;
 Organizations that provide counseling services to drug
takers
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Guidelines to Handle Drugs Related
Incident on Campus (2)
If a student displays poisoning symptom after taking
drugs / harmful substance, school should:
 Arrange teachers or other staff to accompany the student to
hospital for treatment, and send samples of the related
medication / harmful substances and their containers to the
hospital for laboratory testing
 Immediately inform parents
 Obtain opinion from Police School Liaison Officer and notify
EDB
 Obtain assistance from professionals or organizations listed
below at an earlier stage, so that the student can get
appropriate counseling and follow-up services
 Primary School Guidance Teacher / Student Guidance Teacher / Student
guidance personnel;
 Secondary School Social Worker;
 Organizations that provide counseling services to drug takers
54
Guidelines to Handle Drugs Related
Incident on Campus (3)
If a school suspect students of possessing / trafficking
drugs, schools should:
 Obtain opinion from the Police School Liaison Officer
or contact the Police directly;
 Notify EDB; and
 Notify parents of the measures taken by the school.
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Organisations provide Drug Treatment and
Rehabilitation Services
 Counsellng Centres for Psychotropic Substance Abusers




(CCPSAs)濫用精神藥物者輔導中心 – 11 centres in Hong Kong
Voluntary Residential Treatment and Rehabilitation Services
(DTRCs) 戒毒治療及康復中心- 40 centres in Hong Kong
Substance Abuse Clinic (SAC) 物質誤用診所– 7 clinics in Hong
Kong
Centre for Drug Counseling 戒毒輔導中心
Outreaching Social Work Service 外展服務
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The roles of principal:
 Lead teachers and school staff at all levels in the




formulation of anti-drug education policy
Encourage discipline and counseling teachers
and school social workers to actively participate
in the relevant anti-drug education training
Implement anti-drug measures as a school
routine
Evaluate the progress and effectiveness of antidrug education policy
Exchange and share experiences with other
schools in the district
57
Anti-drug Education Section
 Rm EP05, Podium, East Block, Education
Bureau Kowloon Tong Education Service Centre
 Tel: 3698 4255
Thank you!
58