Transcript Animal and Zoonotic diseases - IUC

Animal and Zoonotic
diseases
• Overall development objective to contribute to
alleviation of food insecurity and poverty by
increasing animal productivity and public
health
• Overall academic objective is to contribute to
the increased capacity building in the field of
veterinary medicine, animal nutrition and
human parasitology.
Animal and Zoonotic diseases
FLEMISH PROJECT LEADER
Prof
Dr
Jozef
Vercruysse,
University, Belgium
Ghent
OTHER TEAM MEMBERS
Prof Dr Peter Van den Bossche, ITM
Prof Dr Sarne De Vlieger, UGent
Prof Dr Geert Janssens, UGent
Prof Dr Pierre Dorny, UGent
Prof. Dr. Bruno Goddeeris, KUL
Dr. Filip Claes, KUL en ITM
LOCAL PROJECT LEADER
Dr. Feyesa Regassa, Jimma University,
Ethiopia
OTHER TEAM MEMBERS
Takele Sori
Moti Yohannes
Aseffa Wakwoya†
Abebaw Gashaw
Worku Tigre
Balako Gumi
Ginbar Tefera
Tadele Tolosa
Hailu Degefu
Zelalem Nigussie
Dinka Ayana
Mulugeta Tefera
Belay Duguma
Yisaek Kechero
Taye Tolemariam
Meseret Molla
Solomon Demeke
Animal and Zoonotic diseases
Research topics
• The epidemiology and control of helminth infections
• The epidemiology and control of trypanosomosis
• The importance and epidemiology of zoonotic diseases
• The epidemiology and control of mastitis
• Nutritive value of locally available feeds for livestock
Animal and Zoonotic diseases
New collaborative approach
• To adapt better to the local capacity and capability of
the Veterinary School e.g. experience in research,
laboratory techniques, organisational expertise
(samplings etc), availability of laboratory equipment
• To improve collaboration between researchers and
research groups and increase the number of scientists
involved in the project
•
To exploit research opportunities relevant to the region
and the whole country including urbanisation, increased
demand for milk and milk products and encroachment
of livestock into fertile tsetse-infested areas
Animal and Zoonotic diseases
3 research themes
Zoonotic component
Objectives
– To understand the importance and epidemiology of zoonotic
diseases, in particular taeniasis/cysticercosis and
echinococcosis/hydatidosis
Activities first working year
– Abattoir-based study on Taenia saginata and Echinococcus
granulosus in cattle between Oct 2007 -Mar 2008
– Training of Ethiopian topic leader at ITMA in serological techniques
Results
– 512 carcasses inspected, samples taken for parasitological and
serological examination
– 15 (2.93%) infected with T. saginata metacestodes, and 161
(31.44%) with hydatid cysts
Future work
– Continue work on Echinococcosis: genotyping, zoonotic
importance, prevalence in dogs
Urban component: Mastitis
Objectives
1) To determine the bacterial flora involved in mastitis
2) To determine the clinical importante of mastitis in the Jimma zone
3) To assess the quality and usage of the available mastitis treatment
4) To suggest contol measures for mastitis
Activities
Activity 3.1:
identified
Activity 3.2:
studied
Activity 3.3:
evaluated
Activity 3.4:
Specific areas where the surveys will be conducted will be
The prevalence of mastitis and bacteria involved will be
The currently applied mastitis prevention measures will be
Recommendations to control mastitis will be developped
Rural component: Helminth diseases
Objectives
– To understand the basic epidemiology of helminth infections in
cattle in the Jimma zone
Activities
– Training of topic leader at UGent on basic parasitological
techniques
– Visits to villages to identify where longitudinal studies could be
initiated to determine prevalence and seasonal variations of
helminth infections
Results
– Study areas around Jimma identified
– Faecal samples collected and examined: 47% of animals infected
with gastro-intestinal parasites and/or liver fluke
Future work
– Longitudinal studies in selected areas
– Study importance of parasitic infections in rural and urban areas
Animal and Zoonotic diseases
Rural component: Livestock trypanosomiasis
Objectives
1. To collect baseline data on the prevalence and impact of trypanosomal
infections in livestock in the various study sites with different
trypanosomosis control history
2. To isolate trypanosome strains from cattle in the various study sites in
the Jimma region and determine their level of resistance (trypanocidal
drug reference centre)
3. To conduct a questionnaire survey to evaluate the ongoing trypanocidal
drug use practices in the various study sites in the Jimma region
4. Develop appropriate trypanosomosis control strategies
Activities
Activity 2.1. Collect baseline data
Activity 2.2. Identify study sites (3), based on epidemiological setting
Activity 2.3. Determine prevalence and impact of trypanosomal infections
Activity 2.4. Isolate trypanosome strains from cattle and determine
susceptiblity
Activity 2.5. Conduct drug use survey
Activity 2.6. Analyse survey data and develop control strategies
Project 1: Zoonotic and Animal Diseases
Animal Nutrition Team
Belay DUGUMA
Yisehak KECHERO
Geert JANSSENS
IUC-JU North meeting, Oct. 8, 2008
Main topics
• Rural component:
Development of sustainable livestock feeding
around the Gilgel Gibe dam
• Urban component:
Optimising urban dairy cow nutrition
Livestock feeding around the dam
• Local perception of problems and identification of
bottlenecks in view of seasonality
– Questionnaire: 330 household in 5 distinct regions
• Bio-mass estimations of feed resources
• Determination of nutritional value of feed resources
– Chemical analysis
– Digestibility tests with local breeds
• Evaluating in-the-field indicators of herd nutritional status
– Faecal nitrogen fractions
– Micromineral ratios
– Saponins
• Adjust the identified first limiting nutrients
– Optimise existing rations through formulation
– Promote production of specific crops that adjust nutrient deficiencies
in a sustainable way regarding ecology and economy (to be further
developed by multidisciplinary approach  increase cooperation
with other teams)
Optimising urban dairy nutrition
• Identify most important deficiencies
- Questionnaire on feeding practices and animal performance
- Analyse total rations for nutritional value and compare with nutrient
requirements
• Identify practical means to adjust deficiencies
– Optimise use of by-products
– Introduce new feed resources
– Ration formulation
• Improve rations to increase milk production and disease
resistance
– Measure milk production and its main composition
– Measure inflammatory and mastitis parameters
• Improve rations to increase nutritional quality of the milk (for
infants  increase collaboration with Project 2)
– Microminerals (Zn, Cu, Se, …)
– Fatty acid profile
Problems
A major overall problem is the purchase of equipment. After one year the material ordered in Belgium has not yet arrived in
Jimma.
Limited laboratory capability
Current research is mainly person-oriented (PhD projects)
Limited knowledge of the relevance of veterinary and zoonotic diseases and/or limited exploitation of available information
(e.g. MSc and DVM theses)
Current research focus is descriptive rather than analytical
Irregular feed-back on research progress
Availability of transport for work in urban areas
For non-PhD students, the available time that can devoted to the research projects is limited
Recommendations
It should be better explored what material can be purchased locally (Jimma & especially Addis Ababa
To increase the number of Belgian scientists/technicians supporting the establishment and activities of the laboratories at the
Veterinary School
To complete construction work at the Veterinary School so that a parasitological laboratory can be established in the new
building
Establish team-oriented research approach
Meta-analysis of available studies performed in the region and determine relevant research priorities
To establish a reporting format and schedule and organise an annual scientific (progress) meeting between Belgian and
Ethiopian researchers
To purchase two motorbikes (locally) to support activities of the urban component of the project
The Jimma University policy should allow non-registered students to devote time to the research projects of the Veterinary
Project of the IUC
To organise a meeting between Belgian collaborators of the veterinary project and between Belgian scientists of the various
IUC projects to brief on project activities and exchange ideas
Further discussion is necessary …