Transcript National Standards

ADULT
DRUGinCNADCP
OURTHistory
Key Moments
BEST PRACTICE STANDARDS
VOLUME I
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF
DRUG COURT PROFESSIONALS
What is a Drug Court?
A non-adversarial court hearing where
drug treatment is integrated with justice
system case processing.
2,734 Drug (Tx) Courts
1,475 Adult Drug Courts
458 Juvenile Drug Courts
334 Family Drug Courts
208 DWI Courts
104 Veterans Treatment Court
89 Tribal Healing to Wellness Courts
30 Reentry Drug Courts
31 Federal Drug Courts
5 Campus Drug Courts
Effectiveness of Drug Courts
The scientific community has put drug courts
under its microscope and concluded that drug
courts work better than jail or prison, better
than probation alone, and better than
treatment alone.
Drug Courts Reduce
Substance Abuse by More than 35%
Drug Courts Reduce Crime by as Much 50%
Compared to Other Dispositions
Impact on Recidivism
• Nationwide, 75% of Drug Court graduates
remain arrest-free at least two years after
leaving the program.
• Rigorous studies examining long-term
outcomes of individual Drug Courts have
found that reductions in crime endure for over
14 years.
Drug Courts Increase
Employment and School
Enrollment
Drug Courts Reunite Families
Drug Courts Save Money
Drug Courts Are Cheaper and
Produce Superior Returns on the
Investment
Drug courts return an average of $2.21 to the
justice system for every one dollar invested
and up to $27 in community impacts for every
dollar invested
Key Why
Moments
in NADCP History
Standards??
• Put null findings in context (8 - 16%)
• Disown harmful programs (6 - 9%)
• Prevent regression to old habits
(model drift)
• Protect “brand name” from incursions
• Define standard of care for ourselves
– Limit appellate review to conformance with
standards rather than creating standards
– Congressional committees, agencies, etc.
Key
Moments
in NADCP
History
Why
Standards?
(cont.)
• Reduce legal & constitutional errors
– Procedural due process requires standards,
rational basis, and notice of rights being waived
• Reduce disparate impacts (violations of
Equal Protection)
• Provide support and political cover for
needed services and expenditures
• Demonstrate maturity of our profession
• Because we care about getting it right!
Key Moments
in NADCP History
Procedures
• Expert Drafting Committee with
diverse stakeholder representation
(N = 27)
• Rigorous peer review process (N > 50)
1. Clarity (what is required)
2. Justification (why it is required)
3. Feasibility (difficulty of implementing)
KeyStandards
Moments in NADCP
History
of Proof
Research Quality
1.
2.
3.
4.
Experimental / controlled
Quasi-experimental or matched-comparison
Observational (systematically collected)
Attitudinal (systematically collected)
 Intent-to-treat analyses
 Program Setting
1. Drug Court
2. Other Problem-solving Court
3. Other program for drug-involved offenders
(e.g., community correctional centers, Prop. 36)
4. Other criminal justice or substance abuse
treatment program
Key MomentsofinProof
NADCP(cont.)
History
Standards
Reliability of the findings
–
–
–
–
–
Multi-site studies and meta-analyses
Replication
Large sample sizes
Diverse settings (e.g., rural)
Contrary evidence
KeyDrafting
Moments in
NADCP History
Principles
No surprises or curve balls
Minimize ambiguity and hedging
(a best practice is what a best
practice is)
Measurable and enforceable
“Conditional escape clauses”
 e.g., alternative tracks or credit for
inadequate services
No enforcement mechanism
Key Moments
in NADCP History
Structure
I. General Principle
A. Specific provision (measurable)
B. Specific provision (measurable)
------------------------------------------------------Commentary / justification
------------------------------------------------------References
Key Moments
in NADCP
Volume
I History
I. Target Population
(all else follows from this)
II. Historically Disadvantaged Groups
III. Roles & Responsibilities of the
Judge
IV. Incentives, Sanctions, &
Therapeutic Adjustments
V. Substance Abuse Treatment
KeyTarget
MomentsPopulation
in NADCP History
• N = 32 reviewers
high
5
4.38
4.55
3.93
4
3
2
1
low
Clarity
Justification
Feasibility
KeyTarget
MomentsPopulation
in NADCP History
Eligibility & exclusion criteria are
based on empirical evidence
Assessment process is evidence-based
A. Objective eligibility criteria
B. High-risk & high-need participants
C. Validated eligibility assessments
D. Criminal history disqualifications

“Barring legal prohibitions . . .”
E. Clinical disqualifications

“If adequate treatment is available . . . “
KeyDisadvantaged
Moments in NADCPGroups
History
Hx
• N = 30 reviewers
high
5
4.40
4.50
Clarity
Justification
4.13
4
3
2
1
low
Feasibility
KeyDisadvantaged
Moments in NADCPGroups
History
Hx
Equivalent opportunities to
participate and succeed in Drug Court
A. Equivalent access (intent & impact)
B. Equivalent retention
C. Equivalent treatment
D. Equivalent incentives & sanctions
E. Equivalent legal dispositions
F. Team training (remedial measures)
KeyRoles
Moments
NADCP
History
ofinthe
Judge
• N = 28 reviewers
high
5
4.68
4.64
4.46
Clarity
Justification
Feasibility
4
3
2
1
low
KeyRoles
Moments
NADCP
History
ofinthe
Judge
Contemporary knowledge; active
engagement; professional demeanor;
leader among equals
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Professional training
Length of term
Consistent docket
Pre-court staff meetings
Frequency of status hearings
Length of court interactions
Judicial demeanor
Judicial decision-making
Key
Moments in&NADCP
History
Incentives
Sanctions
• N = 25 reviewers
high
5
4.28
4.32
4.20
Clarity
Justification
Feasibility
4
3
2
1
low
Key
Moments in&NADCP
History
Incentives
Sanctions
Predictable, consistent, fair, and
evidence-based
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
Advance notice
Opportunity to be heard
Equivalent consequences
Professional demeanor
Progressive sanctions
Licit substances
Therapeutic adjustments
Incentivizing productivity
Key Moments
in NADCP History
Incentives
& Sanctions
(cont.)
Predictable, consistent, fair, and
evidence-based
...
I.
J.
K.
L.
Phase promotion
Jail sanctions
Termination
Consequences of graduation and
termination (leverage)
Key Moments
in NADCP
History
Substance
Abuse
Treatment
• N = 30 reviewers
high
5
4.27
4.20
4
3.83
3
2
1
low
Clarity
Justification
Feasibility
Key Moments
in NADCP
History
Substance
Abuse
Treatment
Based on treatment needs and
evidence-based
A. Continuum of care

“if adequate care is unavailable . . .”
B. In-custody treatment
C. Team representation
D. Treatment dosage and duration
E. Treatment modalities
F. Evidence-based treatments
G. Medications
Key Moments
in NADCP
Substance
Abuse
Tx History
(cont.)
Based on treatment needs and
evidence-based
...
H. Provider training and credentials
I. Peer support groups
J. Continuing care
ADULT
DRUGinCNADCP
OURTHistory
Key Moments
BEST PRACTICE STANDARDS
VOLUME I
Aspirational
Enforceable
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF
DRUG COURT PROFESSIONALS