Transcript File

Fahey/Insel/Roth, Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1
© 2005 McGraw-Hill Higher Education
Wellness: The New Health Goal
• Wellness = optimal health and vitality
• Dimensions of wellness
– Physical wellness
– Emotional wellness
– Intellectual wellness
– Spiritual wellness
– Interpersonal and social wellness
– Environmental, or planetary, wellness
Fit & Well: Core Concepts and
Labs in Physical Fitness and
Wellness, Chapter 1
Wellness Continuum
Fit & Well: Core Concepts and
Labs in Physical Fitness and
Wellness, Chapter 1
Public Health Achievements
Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1
Leading Causes of Death Overall
• Heart disease
• Cancer
• Stroke
• Chronic lower respiratory diseases
(emphysema, chronic bronchitis)
• Unintentional injuries (accidents)
• Diabetes
Fit & Well: Core Concepts and
Labs in Physical Fitness and
Wellness, Chapter 1
Leading Causes of Death by Age
• Ages 15–24
– Unintentional
injuries
– Homicide
– Suicide
– Cancer
– Heart disease
– Congenital defects
– HIV/AIDS
Fit & Well: Core Concepts and
Labs in Physical Fitness and
Wellness, Chapter 1
• Ages 25–44
– Unintentional
injuries
– Cancer
– Heart disease
– Suicide
– HIV/AIDS
– Homicide
– Chronic liver
disease
Behaviors That Contribute to Wellness
• Be physically active
• Choose a healthy diet
• Maintain a healthy body weight
• Manage stress effectively
• Avoid tobacco and drug use and limit
alcohol consumption
• Protect yourself from disease and injury
Fit & Well: Core Concepts and
Labs in Physical Fitness and
Wellness, Chapter 1
Lifestyle and Wellness
• More time watching TV = increased risk
of obesity and diabetes
Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1
Lifestyle and Wellness
• Cigarette smoking = increased risk of
lung cancer
Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1
Lifestyle and Wellness
• Low intake of fruits and vegetables =
increased risk of heart disease
Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1
Lifestyle and Wellness
• Few healthy behaviors = increased
risk of heart disease
Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1
Benefits of Physical Activity
Fit & Well: Core Concepts and
Labs in Physical Fitness and
Wellness, Chapter 1
Actual Causes of Death in the United States
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•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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Smoking
Diet and inactivity**
Alcohol
Microbial agents
Toxic agents
Motor vehicles
Firearms
Sexual behavior
Illicit drug use
435,000 deaths per year
112,000
85,000
75,000
55,000
43,000
29,000
20,000
17,000
**Caclulation of the number of deaths due to poor diet and inactivity (obesity) is an area of ongoing controversy and research.
Sources: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 2005. Frequently Asked Questions About Calculating Obesity-Related Risk
(http://www.cdc.gov/od/oc/media/pressrel/r050614.htm; retrieved June 28, 2005). Mokdad, A. H., et al. 2004. Actual causes
of death in the United States, 2000. Journal of the American Medical Association 291(10): 1238–1245.
Fit & Well: Core Concepts and Labs in Physical Fitness and Wellness, Chapter 1
The Role of Other Factors in
Wellness
• Heredity
• Environment
• Health care
Fit & Well: Core Concepts and
Labs in Physical Fitness and
Wellness, Chapter 1
Building Motivation to Change
• Examining the pros and cons of change
• Boosting self-efficacy—the belief in
one’s ability to take action
– Locus of control: internal versus external
– Visualization and self-talk
– Role models and buddies
• Identifying and overcoming key
barriers to change
Fit & Well: Core Concepts and
Labs in Physical Fitness and
Wellness, Chapter 1
Enhancing Your Readiness to Change
• Precontemplation — no intention of changing behavior
• Contemplation — intending to take action within 6 months
• Preparation —planning to take action within a month
• Action —outwardly changing behavior
• Maintenance —successful behavior change within the past 6
months
• Termination
Fit & Well: Core Concepts and
Labs in Physical Fitness and
Wellness, Chapter 1
Putting Your Plan into Action
• Commitment
• Strategies from behavior change plan
• Belief that you are the “boss”
• Change-friendly environment
• Support
• Rewards
• Congratulate yourself
Fit & Well: Core Concepts and
Labs in Physical Fitness and
Wellness, Chapter 1
Staying With It
• Social influences
• Levels of motivation and commitment
• Choice of techniques and level of effort
• Stress barrier
• Procrastinating, rationalizing, and
blaming
Fit & Well: Core Concepts and
Labs in Physical Fitness and
Wellness, Chapter 1