Transcript induce sweating

Chapter 2 Herbs releasing Exterior syndromes解
表药
Introduction
The Concepts:
Exterior
herbs
Exterior
Syndromes
Wind/cold Syndromes
Wind/heat Syndromes
Aversion to cold/wind、fever/ nose congestion、
sneeze喷嚏、sweating/no-sweating、running nose、
cough、throat itch/sore、tough white coating、
pulse floating fast
Upper respiratory infection（cold、flu）、
At first stage of Acute infectious
Exterior
syndromes
Exterior herbal pharmacology
Induce sweating
Most herbs induce sweating
Specially Pungent warm herbs
Stimuli sweat glands：Mahuang麻黄fragrant oil挥发油、
ephedrines麻黄碱
Dilate blood vessels of skin
，regulate
circulation：Shengjiang生姜、guizi桂枝.
扩张血管
Reduce fever
（1）induce sweating；
（2）inhibit bacteria/virus, decrease
fever factors；
（3）anti-inflammatory;
（4）inhibit PGE(prostaglandin E)
synthesized；
（5）decrease cAMP in brain.
Pungent cold herbs-stronger
reduce fever
Other functions
Analgesic action,
Anti-anaphylaxis,
Anti-inflammation
Regulating immune function
Ephedra (Mahuang)
麻黄
Introduction
Fuction &
indications
Induce sweat/expel cold、
stop wheezing
induce urination reduce edema
Exterior wind/cold，
stuffed in chest cough/wheez
Exterior edema
Main components
L-ephedrines 麻黄碱 、
D-pseudo-ephedrine 伪麻黄碱
Main effects
1、Main pharmacology functions
（1）Induce sweating
component： Ephedrines, L-ephedrines
functions：a. reduce sweat gland’s ability to
re-absorb sodium(Na increase the crystal osmotic pressure)
b. stimulate CNS & receptor (а)
（2）Releasing asthma
平喘
a. Stimulate adrenergic nerve to release
adrenaline
b. Lead to rise intracellular cAMP levels ,
make subsequent bronchial smooth
muscle relaxation
c. Prevent to release powerful inflammation
mediators
(3)、Inducing diuresis
利尿
a. Dilate potassium(K) channel of renal tubule
and improve blood circulation
b. Prevent renal tubule from reabsorbing sodium
（4）anti-inflammatory &
anti-allergenic reaction
2. Other pharmacology functions
（l）Exciting CNS
（2）Stimulating heart & increasing BP(α,β)
Indications:
a. Bronchial asthma
b. Stuffy nose
c. Low blood pressure
d. Urticaria
Ephedra(Mahuang)-side effects
 Lead to bleeding of eyes
 Nervous & Cardiac: nervousness,
anxiety, palpitation headache, nausea,
hypertension, seizures, strokes,
myocardial infarction, hyperthermia, and
death.
 Lead to restlessness, insomnia
Interaction
 Avoid with medication that are for lowing
blood pressure
 Avoid with medication that are for
promoting sweats
Gui zhi (cinnamon)
introduction Induce sweat expel pathogenic
factors from muscle、
Function &
Warm meridian
indications
Wind/cold flu，cold stomached，
Cold amenorrhea
arthritis， phlegm，
edema，palpitation
components
Cinnamic aldehyde
Cinnamic acid
Phenylpropyl acetate
ethyl p-methoxycinnamate

Guizhi main pharmacology
1、main effects
a. Dilsting blood vessels to promote sweating
cinnamic aldehyde can help blood flow to
skin, especially with ephedra
b. Reducing fever & stopping pain
This action is related to promoting sweating.
It can increase the ability of enduring pain
( pain threshold)
c. anti-inflammation & anti-allergy
d. anti-bacteria (staphylococcus
aureus pnumococcus) and
anti-virus(influenza virus)
e. Good for cardiac circulation
2. Other effects
Anti-convulsion
Sedation
Anti-sezure
Inducing diuresis
Caihu (Bupleurum)
柴胡
introduction
Functions &
indications
components
Harmonize ext/enterior
harmonize liver Qi
uprise Yang
alternate chill/fever
Hypochondriac pain
Irregular period
Prolapse of uterus,
Saiko-side a, b, c &d
A-spinastral
Volatile oil, fatty acid
 Caihu main pharmacologic effects
1、effects
(1)Abate fever
Saiko-side & volatile oil have
the fever abating effects---can treat Mumps
（2）Tranquilize, has analgesic effect, &
stop cough. The saiko-side has this effect but
less potent than codeine
(3) Promote immune function. It can
strengthen the action of kuffer’s cell & NK cell.
（4）protect liver, cholagogue (benefiting the
gallbladder) and low cholesterol.
The saiko-side has this effect.
Caihu root prepared with vinegar is more
effective in lowering cholesterol( especially
for triglyceride), saiko-side can protect
mitocandria. A-spinastral for gallbladder
（5）treat digestive ulcer.
The saiko-side can prevent the
mucosa of the stomach from being
impaired by acid & alcohol
（6）relax the spasm of intestinal muscles
Side effects
Excessive intake would lead to
sleepiness, poor appetite, and
abdominal distension.
Injection may lead to allergic
reaction.
Interaction with drugs
 May increase the risk of bleeding when
taken with drug that increase the risk of
bleed… aspirin, anticoagulants(blood thinners) such as warfarin or
heparin, anti-platelet : clopidogrel(plavix)and non-steroidal, anti-inflammatory
drugs: ibuprofen naproxen
 May stimulate the adrenals & decrease the
effects of antihypertensives (drugs for high BP), patients
taking blood pressure medications including beta-blocker or ACE inhibitors
should use cautiously
 May increase the drowsiness caused by some
drugs:
benzodiazepine such as lorazepam diazepam, barbiturates such
asphenobarbital, narcotics such as codeine, some antidepressants and alcohol
Gegen(Kudzu)
Functions &
indications
Releases muscles, clears heat
in subcutaneous region and muscles
Vents measles Alleviates diarrhea
Nourishes fluids, alleviates thirst
components
Wind/heat headache、
Migraines, Deaf.
Diabetes, measles, diarrhea
Daidzin, daidzein
puerarin
大豆苷、大豆苷元
葛根素
1、Effects
（1）reducing fever
解热
1）daidzin dilate vessels, promote circulation
reduce fever。
2）inhibit CNS β-receptors and reducing cAMP,
then low fever。
(2)Reduce blood sugar/ low cholesterol
Daizin can reduce blood sugar
(3)Effects on circulatory system
a. puerarin can reduce blood pressure
b. promote the circulation of brain
c. dilate the coronary vessels. It can relax
the spasm of coronary vessels. Good for
coronary heart diseases
d. promote heart functions.
(4) Anti-myocardial ischemia
puerarin is β-blocking agent
(5)Anti-arrhythmia
Gegen can affect heart cell membrane
permeability of K+、Na+、Ca2+
then reduce heart muscles excitability
Or block β receptor
(6) Relax the smooth muscles of intestines
葛根素
Side effects and warning
Currently there are no side effects report of Gegen
treatment when take orally.
Introvenous puerarin has caused intrvascular
hemolysis(distruction of red blood cells).
Intraperitoneal administraion of puerarin or
crude extracts of pueraria lobata caused
hypothermia(low body temperature)
Drug interaction
Anti-diabetics
Anticoagulant & antiplatelet
drugs