Transcript Daphnia magna

Dose-response curves are developed by
a)graphing the rate of ingestion of toxins in the wild
b)extrapolating from the outcomes of cases of toxin ingestion from
hospital records
c)graphing the response of model organisms to specific doses of
toxicants
d)listing the symptoms in detail in response to specific doses of
toxicants
Dose-response curves are developed by
a)graphing the rate of ingestion of toxins in the wild
b)extrapolating from the outcomes of cases of toxin ingestion from
hospital records
c)graphing the response of model organisms to specific doses of
toxicants
d)listing the symptoms in detail in response to specific doses of
toxicants
Bioassays can be performed using which of the following
types of substances
a)Pesticides
b)Herbicides
c)Nutrients
d)All of the above.
Bioassays can be performed using which of the following
types of substances
a)Pesticides
b)Herbicides
c)Nutrients
d)All of the above.
On a standard bioassay response curve graph, what is
measured on the X-axis?
a)The effect of the substance tested
b)The concentration of the substance tested
c)The number of specimens tested
d)The types of living organisms on which the substance is
tested
On a standard bioassay response curve graph, what is
measured on the X-axis?
a)The effect of the substance tested
b)The concentration of the substance tested
c)The number of specimens tested
d)The types of living organisms on which the substance is
tested
Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect
Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that
had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to
each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna
that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The
graph below shows their results.
The bioassay was used to determine
a)What kind of Daphnia can survive
exposure to Toxicant X.
b)What concentrations of Toxicant X
are harmful to Daphnia magna.
c)What kind of Toxicant X is
harmful to Daphnia.
d)What effect the Daphnia have
on the Toxicant X concentration.
Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect
Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that
had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to
each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna
that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The
graph below shows their results.
The bioassay was used to determine
a)What kind of Daphnia can survive
exposure to Toxicant X.
b)What concentrations of Toxicant X
are harmful to Daphnia magna.
c)What kind of Toxicant X is
harmful to Daphnia.
d)What effect the Daphnia have
on the Toxicant X concentration.
Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect
Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that
had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to
each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna
that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The
graph below shows their results.
What is the best title for this graph?
a)The Effect of Daphnia Mortality
on Toxicant X Concentration
b)The Effect of Toxicant X
Concentration on Daphnia Mortality
c)Toxicant Mortality X versus
Daphnia Concentration
d)Daphnia Percent versus
Toxicant X Percent
Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect
Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that
had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to
each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna
that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The
graph below shows their results.
What is the best title for this graph?
a)The Effect of Daphnia Mortality
on Toxicant X Concentration
b)The Effect of Toxicant X
Concentration on Daphnia Mortality
c)Toxicant Mortality X versus
Daphnia Concentration
d)Daphnia Percent versus
Toxicant X Percent
Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect
Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that
had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to
each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna
that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The
graph below shows their results.
What is the DEPENDENT variable
in this experiment?
a)The Daphnia
b)Toxicant X Concentration
c)The % of Daphnia that died
d)The type of toxicant to which
the Daphnia were exposed .
Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect
Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that
had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to
each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna
that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The
graph below shows their results.
What is the DEPENDENT variable
in this experiment?
a)The Daphnia
b)Toxicant X Concentration
c)The % of Daphnia that died
d)The type of toxicant to which
the Daphnia were exposed .
Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect
Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that
had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to
each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna
that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The
graph below shows their results.
What is the INDEPENDENT
variable in this experiment?
a)The Daphnia
b)Toxicant X Concentration
c)The % of Daphnia that died
d)The type of toxicant to which
the Daphnia were exposed .
Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect
Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that
had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to
each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna
that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The
graph below shows their results.
What is the INDEPENDENT
variable in this experiment?
a)The Daphnia
b)Toxicant X Concentration
c)The % of Daphnia that died
d)The type of toxicant to which
the Daphnia were exposed .
Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect
Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that
had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to
each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna
that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The
graph below shows their results.
The Daphnia exposed to the
O% Toxicant X concentration
a)were the control for the experiment
b)all survived
c)exposed the toxicant
d)all died
Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect
Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that
had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to
each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna
that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The
graph below shows their results.
The Daphnia exposed to the
O% Toxicant X concentration
a)were the control for the experiment
b)all survived
c)exposed the toxicant
d)all died
Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect
Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that
had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to
each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna
that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The
graph below shows their results.
What is the highest concentration of Toxicant X that had NO effect on
Daphnia mortality?
Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect
Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that
had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to
each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna
that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The
graph below shows their results.
What is the highest concentration of Toxicant X that had NO effect on
Daphnia mortality?
0.25% Toxicant X
Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect
Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that
had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to
each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna
that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The
graph below shows their results.
At which concentration did Toxicant X have the GREATEST effect on Daphnia
mortality?
Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect
Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that
had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to
each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna
that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The
graph below shows their results.
At which concentration did Toxicant X have the GREATEST effect on Daphnia
mortality?
2.0% Toxicant X
Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect
Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that
had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to
each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna
that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The
graph below shows their results.
Based upon the results of this experiment, what is the likely LD50 for Toxicant X?
Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect
Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that
had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to
each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna
that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The
graph below shows their results.
Based upon the results of this experiment, what is the likely LD50 for Toxicant X?
0.75% Toxicant X
Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect
Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that
had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to
each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna
that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The
graph below shows their results.
The Daphnia exposed to the
O% Toxicant X concentration
a)were the control for the experiment
b)all survived
c)exposed the toxicant
d)all died
Dr. Goldin’s students used a Daphnia magna bioassay to investigate the effect
Toxicant X has on living organisms. They filled 6 culture tubes with solutions that
had different concentrations of Toxicant X. Then, they added 10 Daphnia magna to
each culture tube. After 10 minutes, they counted the number of Daphnia magna
that died and calculated the percent Daphnia magna mortality in each tube. The
graph below shows their results.
The Daphnia exposed to the
O% Toxicant X concentration
a)were the control for the experiment
b)all survived
c)exposed the toxicant
d)all died
A low LD50 indicates _____.
a)that 50 mg can be ingested without harm to humans
b)a high toxicity
c)a low toxicity
d)that the compound is not harmful to humans
e)that 50% of the time ingestion causes mild symptoms
of toxicity
A low LD50 indicates _____.
a)that 50 mg can be ingested without harm to humans
b)a high toxicity
c)a low toxicity
d)that the compound is not harmful to humans
e)that 50% of the time ingestion causes mild symptoms
of toxicity
The data below provides examples of LD50 values for a variety of
pesticides.
List the pesticides in order
of ORAL toxicity,
from the LEAST toxic
to the MOST toxic.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
The data below provides examples of LD50 values for a variety of
pesticides.
List the pesticides in order
of ORAL toxicity,
from the LEAST toxic
to the MOST toxic.
a) Chlorothalonil
b) Trifluralin
c) Glyphosate
d) Iprodione
e) Paraquat
f) Oxydemetonmethyl
g) Carbofuran
The data below provides examples of LD50 values for a variety of
pesticides.
List the pesticides in order
of DERMAL toxicity,
from the LEAST toxic
to the MOST toxic.
a)
b)
c)
d)
e)
f)
g)
The data below provides examples of LD50 values for a variety of
pesticides.
List the pesticides in order
of DERMAL toxicity,
from the LEAST toxic
to the MOST toxic.
a) Chlorothalonil
b) Glyphosate
c) Carbofuran
d) Trifluralin
e) Iprodione
f) Paraquat
g) Oxydemetonmethyl
The dose-response curve below shows the LD50 curves for four
different substances. Based upon this LD50 data, which
substance is LEAST toxic?
a)Substance A
b)Substance B
c)Substance C
d)Substance D
The dose-response curve below shows the LD50 curves for four
different substances. Based upon this LD50 data, which
substance is LEAST toxic?
a)Substance A
b)Substance B
c)Substance C
d)Substance D
The dose-response curve below shows the LD50 curves for four
different substances. Based upon this LD50 data, which
substance is MOST toxic?
a)Substance A
b)Substance B
c)Substance C
d)Substance D
The dose-response curve below shows the LD50 curves for four
different substances. Based upon this LD50 data, which
substance is MOST toxic?
a)Substance A
b)Substance B
c)Substance C
d)Substance D
NOTE that although Substance B shows measureable toxicity at a
lower concentration than Substance A, it never reaches lethal
dose 50%, thus Substance A has a lower LD50 and would be
considered more toxic by this measure.
Exposure to low amounts of a chemical over long
periods of time is _________.
a)acute exposure
b)persistent exposure
c)easier to detect in a person’s system than high
exposure over short periods of time
d)chronic exposure
e)not very common
Exposure to low amounts of a chemical over long
periods of time is _________.
a)acute exposure
b)persistent exposure
c)easier to detect in a person’s system than high
exposure over short periods of time
d)chronic exposure
e)not very common
The oral LD50 (in rat) for a certain chemical compound is
0.157 g/kg. Assuming that the LD50 data can be
extrapolated to humans, how many grams of the
compound would likely be lethal to a 135-lb person
(NOTE: 1.0 kg – 2.20 lb)
The oral LD50 (in rat) for a certain chemical compound is
0.157 g/kg. Assuming that the LD50 data can be
extrapolated to humans, how many grams of the
compound would likely be lethal to a 135-lb person
(NOTE: 1.0 kg – 2.20 lb)
135 lb X
1 kg X 0.157 g = 9.63 g
2.20 lb
kg
Match the definition with the term:
LD50
ED50
TD50
T.I.
The dose of drug that produces a therapeutic response in half of
the test group is called the ___.
The comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes
the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxic effects is
the ____.
The dose of a drug that kills half of the test group is called the
____.
The dose of drug that produces a toxic response in half of the test
group is called the ___.
Match the definition with the term:
LD50
ED50
TD50
T.I.
The dose of drug that produces a therapeutic response in half of
the test group is called the ED50.
The comparison of the amount of a therapeutic agent that causes
the therapeutic effect to the amount that causes toxic effects is
the T.I.
The dose of a drug that kills half of the test group is called the
LD50.
The dose of drug that produces a toxic response in half of the test
group is called the TD50.
The dose-response curve below shows the ED50 curves for
four different drugs. Based upon this data, which drug is
MOST effective?
a)Drug A
b)Drug B
c)Drug C
d)Drug D
The dose-response curve below shows the ED50 curves for
four different drugs. Based upon this data, which drug is
MOST effective?
a)Drug A
b)Drug B
c)Drug C
d)Drug D
The dose-response curve below shows the ED50 curves for
four different drugs. Based upon this data, which drug is
LEAST effective?
a)Drug A
b)Drug B
c)Drug C
d)Drug D
The dose-response curve below shows the ED50 curves for
four different drugs. Based upon this data, which drug is
LEAST effective?
a)Drug A
b)Drug B
c)Drug C
d)Drug D
Which of the following represents the therapeutic index of
a drug?
a)T.I. = TD50 / ED50
b)T.I. = LD50 / ED50
c)T.I. = ED50 / TD50
d)T.I. = ED50 / LD50
Which of the following represents the therapeutic index of
a drug?
a)T.I. = TD50 / ED50
b)T.I. = LD50 / ED50
c)T.I. = ED50 / TD50
d)T.I. = ED50 / LD50
Which of the following abbreviations represents the
median effective dose of a drug?
a)LD50
b)ED50
c)TD50
d)T.I.
Which of the following abbreviations represents the
median effective dose of a drug?
a)LD50
b)ED50
c)TD50
d)T.I.
Which of the following can be used as a relative indicator of
the margin of safety of a drug?
a)LD50
b)ED50
c)TD50
d)T.I.
Which of the following can be used as a relative indicator of
the margin of safety of a drug?
a)LD50
b)ED50
c)TD50
d)T.I.
Hazards to environmental health can be _____.
a)chemical
b)physical or climatic
c)biological
d)all of the above
e)none of the above
Hazards to environmental health can be _____.
a)chemical
b)physical or climatic
c)biological
d)all of the above
e)none of the above
Environmental health hazards ____.
a)are primarily outdoor hazards.
b)are primarily indoor hazards.
c)include natural toxicants.
d)include synthetic toxicants
e)all of the above
Environmental health hazards ____.
a)are primarily outdoor hazards.
b)are primarily indoor hazards.
c)include natural toxicants.
d)include synthetic toxicants
e)all of the above
The properties that determine the rate at which a toxic
pollutant in the environment degrades (breaks down)
include ______.
a)temperature
b)moisture
c)sun exposure
d)the specific chemistry of the toxic pollutant
e)all of the above
The properties that determine the rate at which a toxic
pollutant in the environment degrades (breaks down)
include ______.
a)temperature
b)moisture
c)sun exposure
d)the specific chemistry of the toxic pollutant
e)all of the above