Associative Tolerance
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Transcript Associative Tolerance
Associative
Tolerance
Lesson 14
Heterogenic Conditioned
Drug Responses
Insulin = US
Hypoglycemia = UR
CS = peppermint odor
CS alone measure CR = ?
Hyperglycemia!
Opponent processes
Also role in associative tolerance ~
Heterogenic Conditioned
Drug Responses
Conditional
Stimulus
odor
US
Insulin
UR
hypoglycemia
hyperglycemia
Conditional
Response
Learning & Drug Tolerance
Shepard Siegel (1975)
Associative Drug Tolerance
Classically Conditioned Response
Opponent process theory ~
Overall response:
Opponent Process Theory
Typical drug effects
function of time
Physiological disturbance
A process
Compensatory response
B process
Back to baseline
set point ~
Overall response
Hi
A process + B process
set point
euphoria
Lo
Time
Drug Effects &
Compensatory Response
Hi
A process = UR
baseline
euphoria
B process
Lo
Time
Observed Response
A process = UR
homeostatic disturbance
Observed Response = A + B processes
Net effects
Environmental cues become CS
injection ~
Associative Tolerance
Compensatory response becomes
conditioned
Starts sooner
more efficient
Present CS only B process only
CR is opposite to UR ~
Conditioning: Associative Tolerance
Hi
A process = UR
euphoria
baseline
B process
Lo
Time
Conditioning: Associative Tolerance
Hi
A process = UR
euphoria
baseline
B process
Lo
Time
Conditioning: Associative Tolerance
Hi
A process = UR
euphoria
baseline
B process
Lo
Time
Conditioning: Associative Tolerance
Hi
A process = UR
euphoria
baseline
B process
Lo
Time
Paradoxical Opiate Overdose
Death from respiratory depression
lower than usual dose?
Siegel (1975)
Associative tolerance ~
Associative Tolerance
Give rats morphine in white box
depresses respiration
repeated morphine tolerance
drug respiration
Opponent process
compensatory response
B process = increased respiration ~
Phase 1
Tolerance
Test
Group 1
Group 2
Test
Group 1 hi dose in white box
same effects on respiration
Group 2 hi dose in black box
death ~
“Overdose” death
Why?
No Conditioned response (CR)
No CS (white box)
Same as getting much larger dose ~
Opponent Process Theory
Potential Explanation For...
CR opposite to UR
Heterogenic CR
Tolerance
Paradoxical Heroin OD
Conditioned drug withdrawal
craving & drug seeking
relapse ~
Classical Conditioning...
CR similar to UR
Homogenic CR
*Sensitization
Context-dependent
Placebo Effects
LSD Flashback
Acquisition of Drug Paraphernalia
“Needle Freaks” ~