You Can Move From Graduate to Expert with Certification
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Transcript You Can Move From Graduate to Expert with Certification
Antihistamines,
Decongestants,
Antitussives, and
Expectorants
Lilley Pharmacology Text: Chapter 34
Original Text modified by:
Anita A. Kovalsky, R.N., M.N.Ed.,
Professor of Nursing
Original PPT by:
Professor Pat Woodbery, ARNP, CS
Review of Glossary Terms:
Lilley pg. 527
Adrenergic
(smypathomimetic):
Antagonist:
Anticholinergic
(parasympatholytic):
Histamine antagonist:
Antihistamines:
Expectorants:
Corticosteroids:
Antihistamines
(Antagonize the Action of Histamine)
Histamine found in tissues exposed to
environment (eyes, nose, lungs, GI)
Histamine mainly found in Mast Cells
Histamine found in Basophils (RBC)
Histamine Causes:
Stimulation of H1
Receptors
Contraction of smooth muscle Wheeze
Stimulation of Vagus Cough
Permeability veins Edema
Vasodilation Flushing
secretions Mucous
Stimulation of nerve endings Pruritus
Histamine Causes:
Stimulation of H2 Receptors
Gastric Acid and Pepsin Abdominal Pain
Rate & Force of Myocardial Contraction
tachycardia
VasodilationHypotension, Flushing, HA
When Histamine is
Stimulated How Does
the Client Look?
Allergic Rhinitis
Allergic Bronchitis
Allergic Conjunctivitis
Allergic Dermatitis
Anaphylaxis
Prototype Drug
(Brand name in parentheses)
(Refer to Prototype List in syllabus
Also listed in Lilley, pg. 531)
Diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
Nursing Assessment
Why is the client getting this drug?
Is there any reason the client
should not get an Antihistamine?
Pregnancy, glaucoma, ulcer,
medication interaction, allergy???
Drowsiness ?
Dry secretions ? ( Think of Asthma)
Alcohol ?
Special Considerations
Prevention of Allergic Reaction is the Best
Care
Paradoxical Excitement May Occur
Use in Elder May Cause Confusion
Consider Side Effects: Dryness, Drowsiness
Nasal Decongestants:
Classifications
1)
2)
3)
Adrenergics
(sympathomimetics)
Anticholinergics
(parasympatholytics)
Corticosteroids
(topical)
Nasal Decongestant Classification:
1) Adrenergic Agents
Sympathomimetic Drugs
Relieve Nasal Obstruction by constricting
arterioles and
blood flow
Treatment of rhinitis
Prototype Drug: Adrenergic
(Brand name in parentheses)
(Refer to Prototype List in syllabus
Also listed in Lilley, pg. 534)
Pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
Antitussives
Suppress the cough center in the Medulla
Suppress the cough receptors in the throat, lungs
Narcotic, non-narcotic
Local anesthetics
Lozengers
Prototype Drug: Antitussive
(Brand name in parentheses)
(Refer to Prototype List in syllabus
Also listed in Lilley, pg. 537)
Codeine
Dextromethorphan (Benylin DM)
Prototype Drug: Expectorants
(Brand name in parentheses)
(Refer to Prototype List in syllabus
Also listed in Lilley, pg. 538)
Guaifenesin (Robitussin)
Mucolytics
Used to liquefy thick viscous mucous
Inhalation
Effective within 1 minute peaks in 5-10
minutes
Also used for Tylenol overdose... given orally
Prototype Drug: Mucolytics
(Brand name in parentheses)
(Refer to Prototype List in syllabus
Also listed in Lilley, pg. 132)
Acetylcysteine (Mucomyst)
Nursing Considerations
Relieve symptoms…NOT a cure
Nose drops for no more then 7 days
Read the labels carefully
Note if syrups……remember sugar!
Report palpitations, dizziness, drowsiness
Summary
Rebound nasal congestion
Side effects: tachycardia, arrhythmias, hypertension
(adrenergic effects)
Many drugs alter the effects of OTC cold
remedies……BE CAREFUL…..HTN, Arrhythmias!
THE END