Transcript 2.1 - Powerpoint D

Drugs 1
Drugs
FOR EDEXCEL
1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body
© Folens 2009
Drugs 2
What you will learn about
in this topic:
1.What drugs are
2.Why people take them
3.Doping
4.The effects of taking drugs in sport
5.Banned substances
FOR EDEXCEL
1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body
© Folens 2009
Drugs 3
Learning objectives
By the end of this presentation you
should be able to:
•Understand the effects of different
drugs used illegally in sport
•Describe why sportspeople take
drugs
•Explain what doping is
FOR EDEXCEL
1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body
© Folens 2009
Drugs 4
Why sports performers take drugs:
To recover from
injury more quickly
or to mask pain
Desire to be the
best at all costs;
winning brings
financial rewards
Making the most of
a short sporting life
Influenced by
others
Better results lead
to better sponsors
and endorsement
contracts
Willing to risk
cheating for public
acclaim
The will to win
overrides moral
conscience
Desire to meet
expectations of
others
Natural ability isn’t
good enough
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 5
Drugs
A drug is any chemical substance
you take that affects the way your
body works.
Most drugs are
developed for
medical
purposes, but…
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1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body
© Folens 2009
Drugs 6
…doping means
taking drugs to
improve sporting
performance.
It is a growing problem in sport.
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Drugs 7
Performance-enhancing drugs
Anabolic agents are the most
commonly used drugs in sport. They
mimic testosterone, a male
hormone.
Examples of this drug include:
testosterone, nandrolone,
stanozolol, boldenone and
clenbuterol.
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 8
Effects can include:
• Increases muscle mass
• Develops bone growth
• Increases strength, allowing the
athlete to train harder
• Has a quick effect so there is rapid
improvement
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Drugs 9
• Increases aggression, so seen as
good for competitive contact
sports
• Prevents muscle wastage
• Are an aid to rehabilitation.
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 10
Side-effects can include:
• Kidney problems
• Mood swings
• Anxiety
• Aggression
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Drugs 11
• High blood pressure
• Heart attacks
• Strokes
• Impotence in men
• Infertility, deepened voice,
increased facial hair and irregular
periods in women.
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 12
There is also an increased risk of
muscle injury and liver disease
when anabolic agents are injected
into the blood stream.
Recent research by the NIDA
(National Institute for Drug Abuse)
indicates long-term users show
signs of addiction.
FOR EDEXCEL
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 13
Winning at all costs: is it worth it?
Dwain
Chambers
suffered a
two-year ban
for taking
anabolic
steroids.
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 14
Stimulants are the second most
commonly used drugs in sports.
Examples of
these drugs
include:
amphetamines,
ephedrine,
cocaine and
caffeine.
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Drugs 15
Effects can include:
• Reduces feelings of tiredness so a
person can train for longer.
• Stimulates the central nervous
system (CNS) making people
more alert.
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Drugs 16
Side-effects can include:
User becomes irritable and is unable
to sleep.
• High blood pressure
• Irregular and faster heartbeat.
Some stimulants, such as
amphetamines, are addictive.
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 17
Narcotic analgesics
are addictive drugs and
are usually injected
into the blood stream.
Examples of these
drugs include: heroin,
methadone, pethidine,
morphine and codeine.
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 18
Effects can include:
• Reduces the sensation of the
central nervous system (CNS) so
helps pain relief.
• Masks pain so athlete is back from
injury sooner.
Side-effects can include:
• Loss of concentration.
• Loss of balance.
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 19
Side-effects can include:
• Loss of concentration.
• Loss of balance.
• Loss of coordination making sport
dangerous.
Using these drugs can make an
injury worse. They are also highly
addictive.
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 20
Diuretics are drugs which increase
the rate of water loss from the body.
Examples of these drugs include:
furosemide, triamterene and
chlortalidone. Mannitol is prohibited
in sport if intravenously injected.
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 21
Effects can include:
• Speeds up work of kidneys by
producing more urine. This
reduces fluid retention, which
causes rapid weight loss.
• Diuretics are used in sports where
there are weight categories.
Sportspeople use diuretics to
‘make the weight’.
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Drugs 22
Side-effects can include:
• Dehydration and possibly
dizziness.
• Muscle cramps.
• Headaches, nausea and fatigue.
• Kidney illness can develop.
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 23
Peptide hormones, mimetics and
analogues are synthetic
substances that copy natural
hormones in the body.
Examples of these drugs include:
Human Growth Hormone (HGH) and
erythropoietin (EPO).
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Drugs 24
HGH acts like an anabolic steroid. It
develops muscle, makes the body
use fat and helps reduce tiredness.
An athlete who has taken HGH
recovers from injury more quickly,
as it increases red blood cells. HGH
also speeds up training, helping the
endurance athlete.
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 25
EPO promotes the production of red
blood cells and therefore increases the
amount of oxygen the blood can
transport at any one time. More
oxygen is provided to the muscles
which allows the athlete to work
longer and harder.
EPO thickens the blood, inhibiting
circulation, which can lead to a heart
attack or stroke.
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Drugs 26
Beta-blockers are used as a
relaxant.
Examples of this drug include
atenolol and nodolol.
Some beta-blockers are available on
prescription to treat angina and
have a similar effect to alcohol.
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Drugs 27
Their use is subject to certain
restrictions in some sports and
banned completely in others.
Effects can include:
• Users maintain a slow heart rate
and low blood pressure which is
useful in tense situations.
• Their calming effect also helps in
high-risk sports where speed is
involved.
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 28
• They steady the hand, which is
important to competitors in target
sports.
However, they can reduce the heart
rate so much that there is a danger
that the heart may stop.
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 29
Masking agents are taken to hide
the presence of another drug, which
would otherwise disqualify the
performer.
Examples of this drug include
epitestosterone, probenecid and
diuretics.
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 30
Some masking agents do not
appear on the list of banned
substances for particular sports, so
their presence is legal.
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 31
Task 1
If an athlete tests positive for a
banned drug, they can face a ban
from their sport for at least two
years.
With a partner, research into
current athletes who have been
connected to drugs.
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 32
Task 2
Copy and complete the following table in
your workbook:
Substance
What do
they do?
What are the
dangers?
Examples
Stimulants
Narcotic
analgesics
Anabolic
steroids
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 33
Task 3
Design an A4 poster with a slogan
for the International Olympic
Committee (IOC) to use in a
campaign against drug abuse in
sport.
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© Folens 2009
Drugs 34
Exam questions
1. What effects would a
sportsperson experience in their
performance if they used
stimulants?
2. Which sportspeople are more
likely to use beta-blockers?
Provide examples.
FOR EDEXCEL
1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body
© Folens 2009
Drugs 35
What you have learnt
in this topic:
1. What drugs are
2. Why people take them
3. Doping
4. The effects of taking drugs in sport
5. Banned substances
FOR EDEXCEL
1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body
© Folens 2009
Drugs 36
Learning objectives
You should now be able to:
•Understand the effects of different
drugs used illegally in sport
•Describe why sportspeople take
drugs
•Explain what doping is
FOR EDEXCEL
1.2.1c Physical activity and your healthy mind and body
© Folens 2009