Transcript ANTI-DRUG-INITIAL-TRAINING-1

DRUG AND ALCOHOL TESTING
PROGRAM
- Employee Initial Training -
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Training Checklist
 Who are subject to Drug and Alcohol
Testing
 What type of testing is required
 What is required under 14 CFR--PART 120
 What are your Company’s Drug & Alcohol
Program Policies
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Who are subject to Drug and Alcohol Testing Requirements
in accordance with 14 CFR--PART 120?
Personnel who performs any of the safety-sensitive functions listed
below are defined as “safety-sensitive” or “covered” employees
and are subject to the drug and alcohol testing requirements set
forth in 14 CFR--PART 120
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Flight crewmember duties
Flight attendant duties.
Flight instruction duties.
Aircraft dispatcher duties.
Aircraft maintenance or preventive maintenance duties.
Ground security coordinator duties.
Aviation screening duties.
Air traffic control duties.
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Type of Testing Required in accordance with
14 CFR--PART 120
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Pre-employment drug and alcohol testing *
Random drug and alcohol testing
Post-accident drug and alcohol testing
Reasonable cause drug testing
Reasonable suspicion alcohol testing
Return to duty drug and alcohol testing
 Follow-up drug and alcohol testing.
*Pre-employment alcohol testing . As an employer, you may, but are not
required to, conduct pre-employment alcohol testing under this subpart.
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14 CFR--PART 120
 In accordance with 14 CFR--PART 120,
the employer shall display and distribute
informational material, community service
hot-line for employee assistance, and
company’s policy regarding drug use and
alcohol misuse in the workplace. This
includes the requirement of providing
initial training for all covered employees
and recurrent training for supervisors.
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Training Program Required Elements
 What are the drugs you are tested for and what
are its effects and consequences on personal
health, safety and work environment.
 What are the manifestations and behavioral
cues that may indicate drug and or alcohol
misuse?
 What additional resources am I provided to
supplement my training?
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Signs, Symptoms, and Dangers of
Substance Abuse
 The 5 Drugs that you are tested for are:
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Marijuana
Cocaine
Opiates
Amphetamines
PCP
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Marijuana
The plant is called Cannabis
Sativa and its leaves, stems and
flowering tops are used in this
drug. The active ingredient in the
marijuana (THC) is stored in
body fat and is retained for days
to weeks after use.
 Immediate Personal Effects:
Reddened eyes
Increased heart rate
Dry mouth and throat
 Chronic & Long Term Effects:
Reduction in efficiency of the
respiratory, cardiovascular,
reproductive and immunological
systems
Impaired short-term memory
Altered sense of time
Slowed reaction time
Reduced ability to concentrate
Psychological dependence
Impaired motor skills
Addiction
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Marijuana
 Effects on Motor Skills:
A person driving, or operating aircraft, machinery, equipment, etc. while
using marijuana is likely to experience
Impaired reaction time: Reaction time is increased, and action time is
slowed. Thinking and reflexes are slowed, making it difficult to respond
to sudden, unexpected events.
Impaired short term memory: The learning process is slowed.
Remembering a sequence of numbers or memorizing and following a
series of directions becomes difficult.
Reduced concentration: Inability to display continuous attention or
process complex information occurs. There is difficulty with complex
decisions.
Impaired tracking: The act of following a moving stimulus is
significantly and consistently diminished. Tracking can be affected up to
ten hours after use.
Distorted time and distance sense: The ability to perceive accurately
the passage of time is adversely affected. The user typically
overestimates the time that has elapsed.
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Marijuana
 Effects on Motor Skills:
 Lengthened glare recovery and blurred/double vision.
 Distorted visual and depth perception. Confusion is created about the traffic
movement and appropriate driver response.
 Symptoms:
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Rapid loud talking.
Excessive laughter or inappropriate happiness
Forgetfulness in a conversation
Inflammation in whites of eyes; pupils unlikely to be dilated
Appearance of intoxication, but has no smell of alcohol
Appearance of sleepiness or lethargy in the latter stages
Distorted sense of time passage, tendency to overestimate time intervals
Tendency to drive vehicles slowly, below speed limit
Increase in appetite especially after smoking marijuana
Odor similar to burnt rope on clothing or breath
Presence of roach clips (e.g. paperclips, bobby pins, hemostats or tweezers) and
bongs or water pipes
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Opiates
Opiates are a class of drugs such as raw opium, heroin, morphine and codeine.
They are also referred to as narcotics and are medically used to relieve pain
 Chronic & Long Term Effects:
 Immediate Personal Effects:
 Relaxation and induced sleep
 Restlessness, nausea and vomiting
 Reduction of pain
 Breathing slows down, and death
may occur
 Decrease in size of pupils
 Cold, moist and bluish skin
 User may go “on the nod” going back
and forth from feeling alert to drowsy
 Loss of appetite
 Addiction even with occasional use.
Infection of heart lining and valves,
skin abscesses, and congested
lungs
 Infections from unsterile solutions,
illness such as liver disease, tetanus,
serum hepatitis and AIDS from use
of needles
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Opiates
 Effects on Motor Skills:
A person driving, or operating aircraft, machinery, equipment, etc. while using
opiates is likely to experience
Effects of Intoxication. These effects are similar to those produced by
alcohol abuse.
False sense of security. This state of mind will cause the user to take
more chances and risks.
Euphoric high followed by a period of lethargy. The user daydreams
while in this state of mind. Attention is not given to the piloting conditions
and situations. This subsequently creates the probability of a collision.
Difficulty in focusing. The pupils are so constricted (pinpoint size) that
vision is impaired.
Visual distortion. Blurred and/or doubled vision occurs as it does with any
depressant drug.
Loss of consciousness. This is due to extreme fatigue and drowsiness.
Coma. This creates an obvious safety risk.
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Opiates
 Symptoms:
Pinpoint pupils that fail to respond to light
Respiratory depression
Drowsiness
Nausea and vomiting
Apathy and decreased physical activity
Changes in state of mind, going back and forth from feeling alert to drowsy.
Coma or death
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Cocaine and Crack
Cocaine is used as a topical pain killer for nasal surgery. It is extracted from the
leaves of the Erythroxylon coca plant. Cocaine and crack are highly
psychologically and chemically addictive. It is the most powerful central
nervous system stimulant known to mankind.
 Immediate Personal Effects:  Chronic & Long Term Effects:
 Euphoria
 Short attention span
 Dilated pupils
 Irritability, anxiety and depression
 Increase in blood pressure,
heart rate, respiration rate
and body temperature
 Seizure and heart attack
 Loss of appetite and sleeplessness
 Psychological problems and dependence
 Hallucinations of touch, sight, taste, and/or
smell
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Cocaine and Crack
 Effects on Motor Skills:
A person driving, or operating aircraft, machinery, equipment, etc. while using
cocaine is likely to experience
Lapses in attention and concentration. Awareness is adversely affected
regardless of the amount used.
Aggressive behavior. The result manifestations are anger and hostility
toward coworkers as well as impatience and inappropriate risk-taking. The
user often overreacts to minor irritations.
Tendency to overreact & overcompensate. Acceleration, braking, etc.
are affected by over-stimulated reflexes.
Impaired motor coordination. A decrease in hand-steadiness and
eye/hand coordination affects proper response.
Periods of loss of consciousness. This is the result of fatigue due to
lack of sleep and food.
Impaired judgment.
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Cocaine and Crack
 Effects on Motor Skills:
False sense of alertness and security. User become overly confident in
judgment and skill. This affects their ability to perceive impending danger.
Convulsions, seizures, cardiac arrest and/or stroke.
Distorted vision and difficulty in seeing. The pupils are so dilated that
sunlight or bright head lights cause pain and discomfort. Glare recovery is
also affected.
Auditory and visual hallucinations as well as cocaine psychosis.
Changes in perception are experienced. The user is out touch with reality
and loses sight of she or he is going.
Profound depression, anxiety, irritability, and restlessness. Cocaine is
fast-acting drug. The euphoria ends in less than an hour. The user is more
depressed after using cocaine than before use. The higher the “high” the
lower the “low”.
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Cocaine and Crack
 Symptoms:
Dilated pupils
Runny nose; reddened and sore nose, cold or chronic sinus/nasal
problems, nosebleeds
Respiratory problems
Unexplained bursts of energy
Restlessness or nervousness
Repetitive and non-purposeful behavior
Irritability and anxiety
Long periods without sleeping or eating, likely to be emaciated
White powder in container and/or around nose
Use or possession of paraphernalia including spoons, razor blades,
mirrors, little bottles of white powder, and straws
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Amphetamines
Amphetamines are manufactured legally and  Chronic & Long Term Effects:
are prescribed for medical conditions. They
 Sweating, headache, blurred vision,
are also heavily controlled substances. They
and dizziness
are central nervous system stimulants used to
 Decreased appetite
increase alertness and physical activity. In
pure form, they are yellowish crystals that are
 Sleeplessness and anxiety
manufactured into tablets or capsules. The
 Rapid or irregular heartbeat
three amphetamines include: Amphetamine,
 Tremors
Dextroamphetamine, and Methamphetamine.
 Immediate Personal Effects:
 Increased heart rate &
respiration
 Loss of coordination
 Physical collapse
 Depression
 Increased blood pressure
 Addiction and brain damage
 Dilated pupils
 Amphetamine psychosis:
hallucinations, delusions, paranoia
 Dry mouth
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Amphetamines
 Effects on Motor Skills:
(Very similar to the effects of Cocaine/Crack, except intensity decreases and
duration increases). A person driving, or operating aircraft, machinery,
equipment, etc. while using amphetamines is likely to experience
Over-estimation of performance capabilities. User takes more risks as
the result of this attitude.
A likelihood of being more accident-prone.
Anxiety, irritability and frequent over-reactions. Minor irritations affect
inappropriate reactions.
Extreme mental and physical fatigue. This occurs during the “down”
period. During this time, the user is unable to concentrate and make sound
judgments.
Food and sleep deprivation. Amphetamine psychosis can result in the
user being out of touch with reality and not knowing where he/she is going.
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Amphetamines
 Effects on Motor Skills:
Auditory and visual hallucinations.
Impaired motor coordination. Responses necessary for hand/eye
coordination are impaired.
 Symptoms:
Dilated pupils
Dryness of mucous membranes (dry mouth and lips)
Excessive sweating and shakiness
Reduced or loss of appetite
Lack of sleep, insomnia
Talkativeness, but conversation often lacks continuity, changes subjects
rapidly
Unusual energy, accelerated movements and activities
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Phencyclidine (PCP)
PCP was first developed as an anesthetic in
the 1950’s and was removed from the market
because it sometimes caused hallucinations.
Most often called “angel dust”, it is available
in various forms: a white crystal-like powder,
a table or capsule.
 Immediate Personal Effects:
 Increased heart rate and blood pressure
 Flushing, sweating, dizziness and
numbness
 Chronic & Long Term Effects:
 Stimulation (speeding up) of body
functions (may also act as a depressant,
pain killer, anesthetic, or hallucinogenic
drug
 Chronic & Long Term Effects:
 Changes in speech, muscle
coordination and vision
 Slowing of body movements
 Dulled sense of touch and pain
 “Spacing out” of time
 Drowsiness, convulsions and coma
(effects of large doses)
 Death from repeated convulsions,
heart and lung failure or ruptured
blood vessels in brain
 Signs of paranoia, fearfulness and
anxiety
 Flashbacks or PCP psychosis
 Change in user’s perception of own body
and other forms
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Phencyclidine (PCP)
 Effects on Motor Skills:
Effects are bizarre, unpredictable and very dangerous. A person driving, or
operating aircraft, machinery, equipment, etc. while using amphetamines is
likely to experience
A feeling of superiority.
Sense of invulnerability and power. This causes the user to take more
risks.
Aggressive behavior. This drug creates a very aggressive, hostile and
violent person with very little patience and fearless of death.
Auditory and visual hallucinations. This creates the likelihood of the
user reacting to something not there, causing an accident.
Visual distortion. Blurred and/or double vision.
Convulsions, coma and/or death.
Loss of perception of time.
Impaired coordination and dulled senses.
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Phencyclidine (PCP)
 Symptoms:
Pupils may appear dilated
Mask-like facial appearance
Rigid muscles, strange gait
Irrational speech or behavior
Symptoms of intoxication
Hallucinations
Violent or frightened reactions
Subject to flashback
Exaggerated physical and mental reactions to situations
Disorientations; agitation and violence if exposed to excessive sensory
stimulation
Deadened sensory perception (may experience severe injuries while not
appearing to notice)
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The effects and consequences of drug use on
personal health, safety and work environment
 Work Environment (Source 2002: Institute for a Drug-Free Workplace)
Based on a study of those employees seeking help on the “cocaine hotline”
found that:
 75% said they had used drug on the job,
 64% admitted that drugs had adversely affected their job
performance,
 44% said they had sold drugs to other employees, and
 18% said they had stolen from co-workers to support their habits.
Based on another study by the U.S. government found that those who illicitly
used drugs were:
 2.5 times more likely to have absences of 8 days or more,
 3.6 times more likely to injure themselves or another person in a workplace
accident,
 5 times more likely to be injured in an accident off the job which, affects
attendance or performance on the job, and
 5 times more likely to file a worker’s compensation claim.
Drug users who are employed are 1/3 less productive and
incur 300% higher medical costs.
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Alcohol and Alcohol Use
Alcohol is defined as the intoxicating agent in
beverage alcohol, ethyl alcohol, or other low
molecular weight alcohols, including methyl or
isopropyl alcohol.
Alcohol use is defined as the consumption of
any beverage, mixture, or preparation, including
any medication (prescribed or over-the-counter,
intentional or unintentional), containing alcohol
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EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL MISUSE ON AN INDIVIDUAL’S HEALTH,
WORK, AND PERSONAL LIFE:
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Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. Taken in large quantities it causes not only the
euphoria associated with “being drunk” but also adversely affects your judgment, your ability to
think, and your motor functions. Drink enough alcohol fast enough and it can kill you.
Long term overuse of alcohol can cause liver disease (may be fatal), heart problems (may be
fatal), kidney disease, pancreatic, spontaneous abortion, increased risk of birth defects &
mortality, gastrointestinal disease including ulcers, decreased sexual function, increase risk of
cancer (mouth, tongue, pharynx, esophagus, rectum, breast, and malignant melanoma)
In some cases, alcohol can lead to a physical and psychological dependence on alcohol.
Alcoholism is a serious chronic disease. Left untreated it will inevitably get worse.
Workers who use alcohol (and other drugs) affect everyone. Studies show that compared to
alcohol-free and drug-free workers, substance abusers are far less productive, miss more
workdays are more likely to injure themselves or others, and file more workers’ compensation
claims.
The measurable dollar costs of workplace substance abuse from absenteeism, overtime pay,
tardiness, sick leave, insurance claims, and workers’ compensation can be substantial. However,
the hidden costs resulting from diverted supervisory and managerial time, friction among workers,
damage to equipment, and damage to the company’s public image mean that workplace
substance abuse can further cut profits and competitiveness.
Alcohol can also destroy relationships, lead to serious problems with the law (e.g., drunk driving),
and even cause harm to the people you love.
If drinking affects your work life, it could lead to job loss and all of the financial problems that
would follow
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SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF ALCOHOL MISUSE
Any one or more of the following signs may indicate a drinking problem:
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Family or social problems caused by drinking.
Job or financial difficulties related to drinking.
Loss of a consistent ability to control drinking.
“Blackouts” or the inability to remember what happened while drinking.
Distressing physical and/or psychological reactions if you try to stop
drinking.
A need to drink increasing amounts of alcohol to achieve the desired effect.
Marked changes in behavior or personality when drinking.
Getting drunk frequently.
Injuring yourself -- or someone else -- while intoxicated.
Breaking the law while intoxicated.
Starting the day with a drink.
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HELP HOT LINES
 Alcoholics Anonymous - Refer to your local phone directory
Al-Anon (Families of alcoholics) – 800.356.9996
American Council on Alcoholism – 800.527.5344
National Council on Alcoholism – 800.475.HOPE
Cocaine Helpline – 800.COCAINE (24 Hr/7 Day Referral service. Reformed
cocaine addict counselors answer the phones, offer guidance and refer drug
users to local, public and private treatment centers and family learning centers.)
Substance Abuse Professionals Referral - 800.200.4819
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CONSEQUENCES UNDER THE RULE
REFUSAL TO SUBMIT TO TESTING
• Employers are required to notify the FAA within 2 working days of any
instance in which a Part 61, Part 63, or Part 65 airman certificate holder
refused to submit to a required drug or alcohol test. (Generally, this applies
to individuals who perform flight crewmember, flight instruction, aircraft
dispatcher, aircraft maintenance, or air traffic control duties)
• Notification of refusals should be sent to: FAA, Office of Aerospace Medicine
Drug Abatement Division, AAM-800
Independence Ave., SW
Washington, DC 20591
Or by Fax to: (202) 267-5200
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Refusal to submit to a required drug or alcohol test. A covered employee
must not refuse to submit to any required drug or alcohol test. A certificate
holder must not permit an employee who refuses to submit to such a test to
perform or continue to perform safety-sensitive functions.
Refusal to submit means that a covered employee has engaged in conduct including but not limited to that described in
49 CFR 40.261 and 49 CFR 40.191, or has failed to remain readily available for post-accident testing as required.
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A SINGLE POSITIVE
DRUG/ALCOHOL TEST RESULT
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If an employee is determined to have one verified positive drug or alcohol
test result, he/she will be immediately removed from performing safetysensitive functions.
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If an employee holds a Part 67 Airman’s Medical Certificate is determined to
have one verified positive drug test result, an alcohol test result of 0.04 or
greater alcohol concentration, or a refusal to submit to a drug and/or alcohol
test required by the U.S. DOT, he/she will be reported to the Federal Air
Surgeon within 2 working days after the result is verified.
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No Covered employee who is required to hold an airman medical certificate
under Part 67 in order to perform a safety-sensitive duty may perform that
duty following an alcohol violation, verified positive drug test result or a
refusal to test until the covered employee obtains an airman medical
certificate issued by the Federal Air Surgeon dated after the alcohol test
result, verified drug test result or refusal to test date.
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CONFIRMED ALCOHOL TEST
RESULT
CONFIRMED ALCOHOL TEST RESULT OF 0.02 BUT LESS THAN
0.04
• Immediate removal from safety-sensitive functions, until:
• a) the employee’s alcohol concentration measures less than 0.02; or
• b) the start of the employee’s next regularly scheduled duty period,
but not less than 8 hours following the administration of the test
CONFIRMED ALCOHOL TEST RESULT OF 0.04 OR GREATER
• No covered employee shall perform safety-sensitive functions if the
employee has engaged in conduct prohibited by 120.19 or 120.37 or
an alcohol misuse rule of another DOT agency.
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PERMANENT DISQUALIFICATION
FROM SERVICE
1. Two Verified Drug and/or Alcohol Violation
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An employee who has verified positive drug test results on two drug tests required by 14 CFR--PART 120 and
conducted after September 19, 1994 is permanently precluded from performing for an employer the safetysensitive duties the employee performed prior to the second drug test.
The bar on two time violators applies to both persons who have gone through rehabillation and those, who, after
evaluation, were determined not to need treatment.
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An employee who violates 120.19 or 120.37, or Who engages in alcohol use that violates another misuse
provision of 120.19 or 120.37 and had previously engaged in alcohol use that violates the provisions of 120.19 or
120.37 after becoming subject to such prohibitions is permanently precluded from performing for an employer
the safety-sensitive duties the employee performed before such violation.
2. On-Duty Use of a Prohibited Drug
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An employee who has engaged in prohibited drug use during the performance of a safety-sensitive function after
September 19, 1994 is permanently precluded from performing that safety-sensitive function for an employer.
Performing (a safety-sensitive function): An employee is considered to be performing a safety-sensitive function during any period in which he or
she is actually performing, ready to perform, or immediately available to perform such function.
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Appendix
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Drug and Alcohol Program Policy
14 CFR Part 120
49 CFR Part 40
Help Hot Lines
Training Quiz
Certificate of Completion
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