Transcript Marihuana - CDSA

Marihuana
BY
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Constable Gordon Dicks, Fredericton Police Force, with information from
Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (www.camh.net)
Health Canada (www.hc-sc.gc.ca)
National Anti Drug Strategy (www.nationalantidrugstrategy.gc.ca)
Marihuana
• Marihuana is the world’s most commonly
used illicit drug.
• The main psychoactive substance is
cannabinoid – THC – delta-9
tetrahydrocannabinol.
• The average THC level in marihuana is
10%
• In 1970 it was 1%
Marihuana
• Other Names: pot, Acapulco gold, chronic,
Columbian, weed, grass, reefer, bud, ace,
dope, green, hemp, hoppy, herb, Indian
hemp, hydro, Jamaican, jive, jive sticks,
Mary Jane, Maui wowie, Mexican, panama
gold, panama red, Thai sticks, hash, hash
oil, honey oil, herb, etc.
Marihuana
• Teenagers who smoke marihuana are 85
times more likely to use cocaine than their
non-marihuana smoking peers.
• 60% of teens who use marihuana before
they turn 15 will go on to use cocaine.
Marihuana
What are the ways of consuming marihuana?
• Smoking – joint, pipe or bong
• Inhaling – hash oil using hot knives
• Eaten – in baked goods
• Drinking – an “herbal” tea
Marihuana
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SHORT TERM EFFECTS
Can last up to 2 – 7 hours.
Calm
Relaxed
Talkative
Drowsy
Mild Paranoia
Marihuana
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SHORT TERM EFFECTS
Anxiety
Panic
Fearfulness
Impaired reaction time
Impaired short term memory
Hallucinations with large doses
Marihuana
SHORT TERM EFFECTS
• Enhanced perceptions – colours brighter,
sounds more distinct
• Sense of time and space distorted
Marihuana
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PHYSICAL EFFECTS
Increased heart rate and blood flow to the
brain
Red eyes
Dry mouth and throat
Increased appetite
Impaired coordination and balance
Marihuana
PHYSICAL EFFECTS
• Impaired fine and gross motor skills
• For patients who use marihuana for medical
purposes, they may note a reduction in
nausea and pain
Marihuana
LONG TERM EFFECTS
•Decreased motivation and interest
•Difficulty with memory and concentration
•Research indicates lasting harmful effects on
mental functions
•Damaged respiratory system
•Possible developmental delays in children
Marihuana
LONG TERM EFFECTS
• Born to a heavy drug user during pregnancy
• Prone to chest colds, bronchitis and asthma
• Affects hormones – regular use in males
may delay the onset of puberty and reduce
sperm production. For females regular use
may disrupt the menstrual cycle and inhibit
ovulation
Marihuana
Which is worse: cigarette smoke or marihuana
smoke?
• When comparing cigarette smokers who
smoked 20 or more cigarettes a day to
marihuana smokers who smoked 3 to 4
joints per day:
Marihuana
• the marihuana smokers coughed and
wheezed as much as cigarette smokers.
• In both groups, about 1 in 5 complained of
coughing up phlegm and suffering bouts of
bronchitis.
• Marihuana contains 400 toxic chemicals.
• Marihuana contains 4X the amount of tar
compared to cigarettes.
Marihuana
• 1/3 more tar is retained when smoking
marihuana.
Marihuana
Marihuana is a “Gateway drug”!
• Users are more likely to use hard drugs
• Almost all hard drug users used marihuana
first but also smoked tobacco and drank
alcohol
Marihuana
Marihuana and driving
• Marihuana use can:
• Impair the ability to drive
• Slow reaction time, affect coordination and
cause drowsiness.
• Affect judgement of distance & reaction to
signals & sounds on the road.
Marihuana
Marihuana and driving
• 1 in 5 drivers in grade 10-12 report driving
within one hour of using marihuana in the
last year.
• 22% of students report that they were
passengers in a vehicle driven by someone
who has used marihuana prior to driving.
Marihuana
TRUE OR FALSE
• There has NEVER been a reported or
documented case in Canada where
marihuana use was a direct factor in a motor
vehicle accident.
Marihuana
FALSE
• Marihuana has been found in 6-11% of
fatally injured drivers in Canada.
Marihuana
Criminal Code of Canada
• Section 253 – Impaired driving by alcohol
• July 2008, new legislation – Section 253
changes to reflect impaired driving by
alcohol and/or drugs
Marihuana
Criminal Code of Canada
• New legislation also incorporates DRE &
SFST
• DRE – Drug recognition experts – police
officers who are trained to detect types of
drugs being used based on observations.
• SFST – Standardized field sobriety testing
Marihuana
Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
• HGN (horizontal gaze nystagmus)
• Involuntary movement of the eyes that is
controlled by the central nervous system
Marihuana
Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
• Walk & Turn Test
• Divided attention test – physical & mental
test. Nine steps heal to toe along a straight
line, turn and return.
Marihuana
Standardized Field Sobriety Testing
• One Leg Stand Test
• Divided attention test. Stands on one leg
while lifting the other 6 inches off the
ground for 30 seconds.
Marihuana
• Failing all three tests – 85-90% accuracy
rate that you are impaired.
• Police officer must be trained to administer
SFST.
• Standardized across Canada and USA.
Marihuana
Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
• Unlawful Possession is a criminal offence
• Punishment
• 30g or less $1000/and/or 6 months
• 30g or more 5 years or $1000 and/or 6
months
Marihuana
Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
• 2nd offence - $2000 and/or 1 year
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Trafficking 3kg or less
5 years
Trafficking 3kg or more
Up to life
Marihuana
Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
• Production
• Marihuana – up to 7 years
Marihuana
Health Canada
• Medical use of Marihuana
• Severe pain from, multiple sclerosis, spinal
cord injury, spinal cord disease, cancer,
AIDS, arthritis, epilepsy, chronic back pain.
Crystal Meth
What is Meth?
• Crystal meth is a smokeable form of
methamphetamine
• Methamphetamine is an illegal synthetic
(man-made) drug
• It is a powerful stimulant that speeds up the
CNS by releasing dopamine
• Users tend to binge and crash resulting in
poor health and addiction
What is Meth?
• Common street names, ICE, CRYSTAL,
GLASS, JIBB, SPEED, FAST, etc.
• Meth is easy to produce and can be made
just about anywhere. While it is easily
made it is extremely dangerous
Is Crystal Meth ADDICTIVE?
• It is like trying to eat one potato chip!
• After one single use it will take your brain
TWO YEARS to repair itself
• The addiction rate is 90%. If 100 people
tried it 90 would be addicted after one
single use
Long Term Effects
• Permanent brain damage
• More people who have used Crystal Meth
are being diagnosed with psychiatric
disorders, including:
• Bipolar disorder
• Schizophrenia
• Chronic short term memory loss
What is Crystal Meth made
from?
• Pseudoephedrine or ephedrine (cough and
cold products)
• Anhydrous ammonia (kitty litter &
fertilizer)
• Sulfuric acid (drain cleaner)
• Lithium batteries
• Ether (quick start for motors)
• Red phosphorous (road flares or match tips)
What is Crystal Meth made
from?
• Drano
• Brake Fluid
• Lighter fluid
What is Crystal Meth made
from?
Physical Changes
17 months
3 months
3 years 5 months
Irreversible Gum and Enamel
Damage
THIS IS RALPH
Have you heard of
METH
MOUTH?
Lets take a closer
look inside
Ralph’s mouth
Vascular Damage
Stay AWAY!
• Do not hang out with people who do crystal
meth
• Do not experiment: crystal meth has a 90%
addiction rate
• If you see signs of a crystal meth lab, report
it to the local police
• Crystal meth causes permanent BRIAN
DAMAGE
References
• National Institutes on Drug Abuse
(www.drugabuse.gov)
• The Faces of Meth (oregonlive.com)
• Crystalrecovery.com