Transcript health heritage

HEALTH HERITAGE
SANGAM*
OF
ANCIENT WISDOM
AND
MODERN SCIENCE
R.R. Hirwani
Head
CSIR Unit for Research and Development of Information Products,
Pune, India
GRA MEETING
*SANGAM ~ CONFLUENCE
1 February 2006
ORGANISATION OF PRESENTATION
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BACKGROUND
OBJECTIVES
FEATURES
CONTENTS
DEMONSTRATION
BRIDGE BETWEEN TK AND MODERN SCIENCE
IPR ISSUES
CURRENT TRENDS
INTO THE FUTURE
BACKGROUND
• AYURVEDA – INDIAN SYSTEM OF MEDICINE
• KNOWLEDGE CODIFIED IN SANSKRIT SINCE 12TH CENTURY
B.C.- SCRIPTURES AVAILABLE IN PUBLIC DOMAIN
• INSTITUTIONALISED EDUCATION, RESEARCH AND
PRACTICE
• MEDICINAL PLANTS - PRIMARY SOURCE OF MEDICINE
• EXTENSIVE RESEARCH ON NATURAL PRODUCTS AND
PLANT CHEMISTRY
• ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF CHEMICAL
CONSTITUENTS
• STUDY OF STRUCTURE - ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIPS
• KNOWLEDGE USEFUL FOR LIFE SCIENCE INDUSTRY
OBJECTIVES
• PUT TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE IN PUBLIC DOMAIN
IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE IN MODERN ELECTRONIC
FORMAT
• LINK TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE TO MODERN
SCIENTIFIC AND PATENT LITERATURE
• USE DATABASE FOR DEFENSIVE AND POSITIVE
LEGAL PROTECTION
• ADDRESS ‘PATENTABILITY’ ISSUES
• INCREASE INTERNATIONAL RECOGNITION OF
TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE SYSTEMS
• CATALYSE SCIENTIFIC COLLABORATION
FEATURES OF HEALTH HERITAGE DATABASE
• NON-PATENT AND PATENT LITERATURE ON
MEDICINAL PLANTS WIDELY USED IN AYURVEDA
• REPRODUCTION OF TRADITIONAL KNOWLEDGE
(ORIGINAL SANSKRIT, TRANSLITERATION AND
TRANSLATION)
• SUMMARY OF CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND
MEDICINAL/CLINICAL STUDIES DONE ON MEDICINAL
PLANTS AND THEIR EXTRACTS
• STRUCTURES OF NEW CHEMICALS ISOLATED
• FULL TEXT OF PATENTS
• BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES
• FREE TEXT SEARCH FACILITY
• DEMO OF HEALTH HERITAGE / WIPO PORTAL
AYUTA INDEX
• KNOWLEDGE OF AURVEDA CAN BE CLASSIFIED IN THREE
BASIC PARTS
– HETU (CAUSE)
– LAKSHAN (SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS)
– AUSHADH (TREATMENT)
• INFORMATION SCATTERED IN DIFFERENT TEXTS
• COMPILED REFERENCES FROM FOUR PRINCIPLE TEXTS IN
AN INDEXED FORM
• BROUGHT TOGETHER ALL THE EFFECTS RESULTING FROM
EVERY SIGNLE CAUSE, ALL ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS WHICH
CAN CAUSE EVERY SINGLE DISEASE OR CONDITION AND
TREATMENT METHODS
• PREPARATION OF COMPUTER READABLE DATABASE MADE
DATA MINING EASY-DIAGNOSTIC SOFTWARE
Vol. 215 8.1.1982
BRIDGE BETWEEN TK AND MODERN SCIENCE
IS THE ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTOR A RABIES
VIRUS RECEPTOR ?
ABSTRACT
Rabies virus was found on mouse diaphragms and on cultured
chick myotubes in a distribution coinciding with that of the
acetylcholine receptor.
Treatment of the myotubes with
bungarotoxin and d-tubocurarine before the addition of the virus
reduced the number of myotubes that became infected with rabies
virus. These findings together suggest that acetylcholine receptors
may serve as receptors for rabies virus. The binding of virus to
acetylcholine receptors, which are present in high density at the
neuromuscular junction, would provide a mechanism whereby the
virus could be locally concentrated at sites in proximity to
peripheral nerves facilitating subsequent uptake and transfer to the
central nervous system.
Lentz et. al.
BRIDGE BETWEEN TK AND MODERN SCIENCE
Datura as a prophylaxis for rabies
The affected person be made to drink the essence of Arka tree.
This will clear his stomach of poison, if any, by vomiting. Sveta,
Punarnava or Datura be administered. Palala, Oilseeds of Tila and
essence of Rupika with Joggery drain the poison of Alarka (mad
dog) as the wind drives away the clouds.
Karsa measure of root of Sarapunkha along with a half of Datura measure be
mixed with the rice-water be ground with wet rice - this paste be wrapped by
Unmattaka leaves and cooked as a cake.
This cake be eaten by a person, who is bitten by Alarka and poisoned. Whatever the
ills caused by the bite of mad dog are cured by this medicine.
DATURA AS A PROPHYLAXIS FOR RABIES
• CHEMICAL CONSTITUENTS OF DATURA ARE
SCOPOLAMINE, ATROPINE AND MANY OTHER
ALKALOIDS
• THESE ALKALOIDS PREDOMINANTLY BLOCK
THE MUSCARNIE ACTION OF ACETYLCHLORINE
• DATURA FOR RABIES TREATMENT
REPRESENTS THE FIRST DOCUMENTED
EXAMPLE OF PROPHYLAXIS BY RECEPTOR
BLOCKADE
THERAPEUTICS FOR CEREBRAL MALARIA
H
Me
Me
H
Chemical Reaction
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H
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Me
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Me
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OMe
Chemical Reaction
Artemether
Artemisinin
Active Principle of
Chinese Plant
Artemisia annua
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Me
Me
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O
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Me
O
H
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Known Since 340 AD
CO
+
(CH2)2COO Na
Sodium artesunate
PATENTS FOR ANTIMALARIAL COMPOSITIONS
United States Patent
5,219,865
Chatterjee , et al. (Hoechst)
June 15, 1993
Pharmaceutical combination for the prophylaxis and therapy of malaria
Abstract
The present invention relates to combinations of the malaria therapeutics artemisinine,
dihydroartemisinine, arteether, artemether, artesunate or other artemisinine derivatives
with one or more of the antimalarials chloroquine, 10-0-methylfloxacrine, quinine,
mefloquine, amodiaquine, pyrimethamine, sulfadoxine and primaquine. Synergistic
actions are achieved with them on treatment of mammals, including humans, with
subcurative doses of the individual substances.
United States Patent
5,677,331
Zhou , et al. (Ciba Geigy)
October 14, 1997
Antimalarial compositions
Abstract
The invention relates to a synergistic antimalarial composition which comprises the
antimalarial agent benflumetol and also an antimalarial agent from the artemisinine
group such as artemether. The composition can be formulated into solid dosage forms
such as tablets and is useful for the treatment of drug resistant malaria.
IPR ISSUES
• IP PROTECTION BEYOND TK ON
MEDICINAL PLANTS
– ACTIVE INGREDIENTS / CHEMICAL
CONSTITUENTS
– COMBINATION OF CONSTITUENTS OF
NATURAL PRODUCTS AND SYNTHETIC
COMPOUNDS
– MINOR VARIANTS OF NATURALLY
OCCURRING COMPOUNDS
• EMPHASIS ON ‘PATENTABILITY’ AND
‘VALIDITY’
PATENT ON AROMATIC,MEDICINAL
AND ECONOMIC PLANTS(PAMEP)
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PROJECT SUPPORTED BY DBT
STUDY PATENTS ON 2000+ PLANTS
EMPHASIS ON TECHNOLOGIES AND
APPLICATIONS
INPUT FOR CONSERVATION AND
DEVELOPMENT OF BIODIVERSITY
PAMEP
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Plant Breeding, Propagation and Cultivation
Formulations and their methods of preparation
Food Applications
Industrial Uses
Active Components
Agrochemical uses
Dietary Supplements
Processing
Traditional Usage
New Medicinal Usage
Harvesting and post-harvest processing
Other Misc. Uses
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PATENT MAPPING FOR RESEARCH PLANNING
CURRENT TRENDS
• VALIDATION OF AYURVEDA CONCEPTS ON
MODERN SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES
• CREATE VALUE BY SYNTHESIS BETWEEN
ANCIENT INSIGHTS AND MODERN
DISCOVERIES
• INNOVATION BY SCIENTIFICATION OF
TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL KNOWLEDGE
VALIDATION OF AYURVEDA CONCEPTS
• CLASSIFICATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS BASED
ON MECHANISM OF ACTION
• CASE STUDIES
-THERAPEUTICS : DIABETES
- COSMECEUTICALS : SKIN CARE
MECHANISMS FOR DIABETES
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BETA CELL ACTIVATION
BETA CELL REGENERATION
PANCREATIC TONING/ PROTECTION
INSULIN MIMICKING
IMPROVEMENT OF GLUCOSE TOLERANCE/
INSULIN EFFICIENCY
REDUCTION OF GLUCOSE ABSORPTION
IMPROVEMENT IN CARBOHYDRATE
METABOLISM
IMPROVEMENT OF FAT METABOLISM
OTHER MECHANISM
COSMECEUTICALS – SKIN CARE
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HYPER-PIGMENTATION/SKIN LIGHTENING
ANTI-AGING
WOUND HEALING
ACNE
SUN PROTECTION
SKIN INFECTIONS
MECHANISM FOR HYPERPIGMENTATION/SKIN LIGHTENING
– TYROSINASE INHIBITION
– MELANOGENESIS INHIBITION
– SUPPRESSING ENDOTHELIN- 1
FORMATION
– REDUCTION OF KERATINOCYTE
DERIVED IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE
CYTOKINES
– PREVENT UVB-INDUCED IMMUNE
SUPPRESSION IN THE SKIN
– PIGMENTATION INHIBITORY EFFECT
MINERALIA MEDICA
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MEDICINES OF MINERAL ORIGIN WERE WIDELY USED
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BHASMAS ARE STILL IN USE
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HAS REMAINED AS NEGLETED AREA OF RESEARCH DUE TO
PERCEPTION OF TOXICITY
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NO MENTION OF BHASMAS IN THE CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS FROM
VOL.1 (1906) TO TILL DATE
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ON INTERNET ONLY COMMERCIAL INFORMATION AVAILABLE
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NO CLASSICAL WORK TRANSLATED IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
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COMPILED ALL THE LITERATURE ON BHASMAS, TRANSLATED IN
ENGLISH,COLLECTED SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
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PCT APPLICATION ON ONE PARTICULAR BHASMA ALREADY BEEN
FILED
METALLOPHARMACEUTICALS
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METAL BASED DRUGS
- CANCER (Pt)
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ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS
- Cu OR Zn
ANTIDIABETIC DRUG
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-Cr AND V
ANTIMICROBIALS
- Zn, Bi, METAL CLUSTERS
DEGENERATIVE DISEASES
- Cu, Zn AND Fe
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
- NANOTECHNOLOGY
LEECH
LEECH
• LEECHES HAVE BEEN USED AS AN ALTERNATIVE
TREATMENT TO BLOOD LETTING AND AMPUTATION
FOR SEVERAL THOUSAND YEARS
• IT WAS USED FIRST FOR MEDICINE IN ANCIENT
INDIA ABOUT 1000 BC
• IN AYURVEDA LEECH THERAPY IS CALLED AS
JALOUKA PRAYOGA
• LEECH SALIVA HAS ANALGESTIC AND ANASTHETIC
EFFECT
• MAJOR SPECIES USED IN MEDICINE
Ø
HIRUDO MEDICINALIS
- EUROPEAN
Ø
HIRUDINARIA MANILLENSIS - ASIAN
Ø
HAEMENTERIA GHILIANII - AMAZON
US FDA APPROVAL
• IN JUNE 2004, US FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION
CLEARED THE FIRST APPLICATION FOR LEECHES TO BE
USED FOR COMMERCIAL MARKETING IN MODERN
MEDICINE AS MEDICAL DEVICES
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RICARIMPEX SAS , A FRENCH FIRM, WAS THE FIRST
COMPANY TO REQUEST AND RECEIVE FDA CLEARANCE
TO MARKET LEECHES AS MEDICAL DEVICE
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FDA DETERMINED THAT LEECHES ARE MEDICAL
DEVICES BECAUSE THEY MEET THE DEFINATION OF A
MEDICAL DEVICE UNDER THE FOOD, DRUG AND
COSMETICS ACT
LEECH THERAPY
• SKIN GRAFTING AND REATTACHMENT SURGERY
• APPLICATION ON ARTHRITIC KEEN REDUCES JOINT
PAIN AND SWELLING
• PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY –
PROVIDES CRITICAL VENOUS OUTFLOW FOR
TISSUE REPLANTATION
• BREAST RECONSTRUCTION
• REDUCES POST SURGERICAL VENOUS
ENGORGEMENT
• CONTINUOUS VENOVENOUS HEMODIALYSIS IN LIVER
TRANSPLANTATION
• LEECHES APPLIED ON THE TIP OF THE TONGUE TO
REMOVE THE SYMPTOMS CHARACTERISTIC FOR
GLOSSALGIA
HIRUDIN
• HIRUDIN-NATURALLY OCCURRING PEPTIDE IN THE
SALIVARY GLANDS OF LEECHES
• ANTICOAGULANT
• INHIBIT THE THROMBIN CATALYTIC SITE
• DOES NOT INTERFERE WITH OTHER SERUM
PROTEINS AND CAN ACT ALSO ON BOUND
THROMBIN
• RELIEVES ACUTE VENOUS CONGESTION
• REDUCES THE RISK OF NONFATAL MYOCARDIAL
INFARCTION IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME
MODERN RESEARCH
• INHIBITOR HUMAN TRYPTASE ISOLATED FROM LEECHES
• BIVALIRUDIN (HIRULOG) INHIBITS THROMBOSIS
• HIRULLIN POLYPEPTIDE A STRONG ANTITHROMBIC
ACTIVITY
• ANTIMETASTATIC FACTOR COMPRISING A PROTEIN
SUBSTANCE HAVING FACTOR XA INHIBITORY ACTIVITY
ISOLATED FROM SALIVARY GLAND OF HAEMENTERIA
GHILIANII
• HEMENTIN, A POLYPEPTIDE DERIVED FROM LEECH
SALIVARY GLANDS FOR PREVENTS FORMATION AND
DEAGGREGATION OF PLATELET-RICH CLOTS OR
THROMBUS
• HIRUDIN (OR RELATED CHEMICALS) HAVE BEEN
SYNTHESISED USING RECOMBINANT-DNA TECHNOLOGY.
MODERN RESEARCH
CONTD..
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A RECOMBINANT ANTISTASIN TYPE SERINE PROTEINASE
INHIBITORS
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POLYPEPTIDE INHIBITING C1 ESTERASE AND /OR FACTOR XII
USED IN GENE THERAPY FOR CARDIOVASCULAR,
INFLAMMATORY OR AUTO IMMUME DISORDES
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PROTEIN BLOCKS STIMULATION OF PLATELET AGGREGATION
BY COLLAGEN USEFUL IN TREATMENT OF THROMBOTIC
DISEASES
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NEW THROMBOLYTIC ENZYME DESTABILASE, ENDOEPSI(GAMMA-GLU)-LYS-ISOPEPTIDASE, SHOWING EXOEPSI(GAMMA-GLU)-LYS-ISOPEPTIDASE AND AMIDOLYTIC
ACTIVITY OBTAINED FROM HIRUDINIDAE
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RECOMBINANT PROTEIN HAVING FIBRINOLYTIC AND
COAGULATION-FACTOR XA-INHIBITING AMINO ACID SEQUENCEINHIBITING PROPERTIES
INTO THE FUTURE
• LINK BETWEEN PHARMACOGENOMICS AND
TMK
• PERSONALISED MEDICINE
• CONVERT CONCEPTS INTO
PRODUCTS,DEVICES,MACHINE
• KNOWLEDGE and IPR MANAGEMENT IS THE
KEY
IN CONCLUSION
IT MIGHT WELL BE SAID OF ME THAT HERE I
HAVE MERELY MADE UP A BUNCH OF OTHER
MEN’S FLOWERS, AND PROVIDED NOTHING
OF MY OWN BUT THE STRING TO BIND
THEM.
- MONTAIGNE, ESSAIS
CSIR Unit for Research and Development
of Information Products
85/1 Paud Road, Pune - 411038
MECHANISMS FOR ANTI-STRESS
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ACETYLCHOLINE RELEASE
ANTI-FATIGUE EFFECT
ADAPTOGENIC ACTIVITY
ANTIDEPRESSANT ACTIVITY
CATECHOLAMINE SECRETION
ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY
ANXIOLYTIC EFFECT
AS IMMUNO-ENHANCER
MECHANISMS FOR OBESITY
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ALPHA AMYLASE INHIBITORS/STARCH BLOCKERS
LIPASE INHIBITORS
INHIBITS LIPID DROPLET ACCUMULATION IN FAT
CELLS
WEIGHT CONTROL / ENHANCING WEIGHT LOSS
REDUCING BODY MASS INDEX
AFFECTING BILE ACID ABSORPTION
HYPOLIPIDEMIC- LOWERING CHOLESTEROL
CONTENT OF LOW-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (LDL)
ELEVATING HIGH-DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN (HDL)
CHOLESTEROL CONCENTRATIONS
SERUM CHOLESTEROL AND TRIGLYCERIDE
LEVELS REDUCTION
APPETITE SUPPRESSANT
MINERALIA MEDICA
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MEDICINES OF MINERAL ORIGIN WERE WIDELY USED
•
BHASMAS ARE STILL IN USE
•
HAS REMAINED AS NEGLETED AREA OF RESEARCH DUE TO
PERCEPTION OF TOXICITY
•
NO MENTION OF BHASMAS IN THE CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS FROM
VOL.1 (1906) TO TILL DATE
•
ON INTERNET ONLY COMMERCIAL INFORMATION AVAILABLE
•
NO CLASSICAL WORK TRANSLATED IN ENGLISH LANGUAGE
•
COMPILED ALL THE LITERATURE ON BHASMAS, TRANSLATED IN
ENGLISH,COLLECTED SCIENTIFIC LITERATURE
•
PCT APPLICATION ON ONE PARTICULAR BHASMA ALREADY BEEN
FILED
AYUTA INDEX
• KNOWLEDGE OF AURVEDA CAN BE CLASSIFIED IN THREE
BASIC PARTS
– HETU (CAUSE)
– LAKSHAN (SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS)
– AUSHADH (TREATMENT)
• INFORMATION SCATTERED IN DIFFERENT TEXTS
• COMPILED REFERENCES FROM FOUR PRINCIPLE TEXTS IN
AN INDEXED FORM
• BROUGHT TOGETHER ALL THE EFFECTS RESULTING FROM
EVERY SIGNLE CAUSE, ALL ETIOLOGICAL FACTORS WHICH
CAN CAUSE EVERY SINGLE DISEASE OR CONDITION AND
TREATMENT METHODS
• PREPARATION OF COMPUTER READABLE DATABASE MADE
DATA MINING EASY-DIAGNOSTIC SOFTWARE