Transcript Schools slides

Careers in Mathematics and
Statistics
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Examples of jobs with Maths
Other
Office of National Statistics
Civil servant
Teaching
Academia
Management consultancy
Analysis
Economics
Market research
Predictions – weather
Advertising
forecasting
Actuary (pensions/life insurance)
Genetics
Programmer
Engineer
Credit card
Scientist
(Medical) Statistician
Financial
Accountant
Bank Manager
Trader
An easy way to keep your options open!
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Data published on graduate
earnings
Average extra earnings for graduates by subject studied
Medicine
Law
Engineering
Maths
Physics
Chemistry
Business
European languages
Psychology
Linguistics and English
Humanities
Arts
Data from 2005 and 2007
£340,000
£245,000
£245,000
£240,000
£190,000
£185,000
£185,000
£165,000
£100,000
£95,000
£50,000
£35,000
Being a Medical Statistician
in the Pharmaceutical
Industry
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Topics
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What is the Pharmaceutical Industry?
How do we develop drugs?
An example of how statisticians get involved
Opportunities, qualifications, my experience
Summary
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What is the
Pharmaceutical Industry?
• Develops medicines
• Successful and growing industry
• Pharmaceutical, biotechnology and
medical device products
• Contract Research Organisations
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A few examples…
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Drug Development Process
Drug
Discovery
Pre-clinical
Typically:
Cost: £400 million
Time: 10-15 years.
Clinical
Trials
Manufacturing
Sales &
Marketing
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Authorisation
Testing Drugs: How many people are enough?
 You have a new drug and an old drug
 10 patients to test on
– You give 5 patients new drug
– You give 5 patients old drug
New
Old
 Results
– 3 patients get better on new drug
– 2 patients get better on old drug
 Conclusion
– Which is better: Old/New drug?
– How sure are you?
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Testing Drugs: How many people are enough?
 100 patients to test on
– You give 50 patients new drug
– You give 50 patients old drug
New
Old
 Results
– 30 patients get better on new drug
– 20 patients get better on old drug
 Conclusion
– Which is better: Old/New drug?
– How sure are you?
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Testing Drugs: How many people are enough?
 1000 patients to test on
– You give 500 patients new drug
– You give 500 patients old drug
New
Old
 Results
– 300 patients get better on new drug
– 200 patients get better on old drug
 Conclusion
– Which is better: Old/New drug?
– How sure are you?
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Testing Drugs: How many people are enough?
– 3 scenarios
• 2:3, 20:30 and 200:300
– All the same ratio of people getting better
• With more information (patients) you can be more sure
of your results
• BUT more information (patients) costs money!
– It’s up to a statistician to decide how many people are
enough
• Depends on the variation of what you are measuring i.e.
weight loss (athletes, UK population)
• Depends on how sure you want to be
• Depends of amount benefit to patient you want to detect
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Trial design options
Option 1
Number of Patients
50
50
New Drug
Old Drug
Doctor assigns each patient to a treatment group
Doctor/patient know which treatment they are getting
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Trial design options
Option 2
Number of Patients
50
50
New Drug
Old Drug
Each patient randomly assigned to a treatment group
 Doctor/patient unaware of treatment group
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Trial design options
Option 3
Number of
Visit 1
Patients
50
Old Drug
Visit 2
New Drug
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Trial design options
Option 4
Number of
Visit 1
Patients
50
Old Drug
50
New Drug
16
Visit 2
New Drug
Old Drug
Key Skills for a
Graduate Applicant
• Sound understanding of statistical
methodology and how to apply it
• Good communication and presentation
skills
• Can work well in a team and
independently
• An eye for detail
• Well organised
• Logical thinker
• Good statistical programming skills
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Qualifications
• Statisticians
– MSc or PhD in statistics is required
• SAS Programmers
– usually have at least a BSc in
statistics, mathematics, computing
or any other degree with a high level
of numeracy
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Working Environment
• Good career progression
• You are the expert, the specialist,
the teacher.
• Never stop learning
• Large variety of work
• Generous benefits and
competitive salaries
• Excellent working conditions
• Always part of a team
• You make a real difference
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How did I get here?
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www.psiweb.org
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http://www.psiweb.org/newcareers
E-mail Contact: [email protected]
QUESTIONS?
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