Transcript Review 2 - Psychology

1. If a stimulus shifts the
potential inside a neuron from the
resting potential to a more
negative potential, the result is
__________.
A) hyperpolarization
B) depolarization
C) an action potential
D) a threshold
2. If a stimulus shifts the
potential inside a neuron from
the resting potential to a
potential slightly closer to
zero, the result is known as
__________.
A) hyperpolarization
B) depolarization
C) selective permeability
D) the refractory period
neuron's membrane is
electrically polarized, we
refer to a difference in
electrical potential between
A) the axons and the
dendrites.
B) the axon hillock and
the tip of the axon.
C) sodium ions and
potassium ions.
D) the inside and the
outside of the
membrane.
4. The sodium-potassium pump
pumps sodium ions __________
and potassium ions __________.
A) into the cell ... into
the cell
B) into the cell ... out
of the cell
C) out of the cell ...
out of the cell
D) out of the cell ...
into the cell
5. Which of the following
movements of ions would
depolarize the
membrane of
a neuron?
A) sodium ions into the
cell
B) sodium ions out of the
cell
C) potassium ions out of
the cell
D) chloride ions into the
cell
6. The threshold for a neuron
is generally __________ than
the resting potential.
A) 15 mV closer to 0 mV
B) 15 mV farther from 0
mV
C) 70 mV closer to 0 mV
D) 70 mV farther from 0
mV
7. A certain weak stimulus
produces no reflexive response.
Rapid repetition of the same
neuron may produce such a
response, however. This
observation is known as
A) temporal summation.
B) spatial summation.
C) saltatory conduction.
D) synaptic inhibition.
spatial
summation is that spatial
summation
A) can produce an action
potential.
B) depends on
contributions from more than
one incoming axon.
C) produces a
hyperpolarization instead of a
depolarization.
D) alters the response of
more than one
starts,
A) it gains in strength
as it travels along the
axon.
B) it needs additional
stimuli from outside
the cell to keep it
going at various
points along the
axon.
C) it increases in speed
as it goes.
D) it is regenerated at
various points along
10. What are the nodes of
Ranvier?
A) gates in the membrane
that admit all ions
freely
B) branching points in an
axon
C) places where dendrites
join the cell body
D) interruptions in the
myelin sheath
11. Which of the following
combinations would be most
likely to summate to produce an
action potential?
A) two IPSPs
B) two EPSPs
C) an IPSP plus an EPSP
D) Any of these
combinations would be
equally likely to
produce an action
potential
12. An IPSP is a(n)
A) location where a
dendrite branches.
B) interruption in a
myelin sheath.
C) subthreshold
depolarization.
D) temporary
hyperpolarization.
• 13. The term saltatory conduction describes
which of the following?
• A. The movement of a signal in a single
direction.
• B. The rapid conduction of a signal along
an axon.
• C. The decay of an action potential.
• D. The need for ions that make salt.
• 14. Which of the following would be most
likely to evoke an IPSP?
• A. An influx of sodium ions.
• B. An influx of potassium ions.
• C. An influx of chloride ions.
• D. An efflux of chloride ions.
• 15. Movement down a concentration gradient
describes which of the following?
• A. Movement of ions from an area of high
concentration to an area of low concentration.
• B. Movement of ions from an area of low
concentration to an area of high concentration.
• C. Movement of positive ions towards negative
ions.
• D. Movement of yuppies to the suburbs.
16. Serotonin is synthesized in the brain,
beginning with the amino acid __________.
A) phenylalanine.
B) aspartate.
C) tryptophan.
D) glutamate.
17. A vesicle is a packet filled with
A) sodium ions.
B) potassium ions.
C) neurotransmitter.
D) calcium ions.
18. A drug that blocks the effects of a
neurotransmitter is a(n) __________; a drug that
mimics or increases the effects is a(n)
__________.
A)
B)
C)
D)
neuromodulator ... synergist
agonist ... antagonist
depressant ... stimulant
antagonist ... agonist
19. Saying that a drug has an affinity
for a receptor means
A) they both have similar chemical
compositions and produce
similar effects.
B) the drug readily binds with the
receptor.
C) the drug is attracted to the
opposite electrical charge
of the receptor.
D) the drug has warm, positive
feelings for the receptor.
20. Drugs influence brain activity by
A) affecting presynaptic events.
B) affecting postsynaptic receptors.
C) affecting neurotransmitters in the
synapse after
transmission has occurred.
D) all of the above
21. The drugs known as MAOIs inhibit an enzyme
that
A) synthesizes catecholamines like NE and DA.
B) synthesizes GABA.
C) breaks down catecholamines like NE and DA.
D) breaks down GABA.
22. Tricyclic drugs act by
A) blocking the release of catecholamines.
B) preventing the presynaptic cell from
reabsorbing catecholamines.
C) directly stimulating the postsynaptic
cell's catecholamine receptors.
D) increasing the rate of synthesis of
catecholamines
23. Based on the antidepressant effects
of fluoxetine (Prozac) we can infer that
__________ synapses are in some way
involved in depression.
A) acetylcholine
B) GABA
C) dopamine
D) serotonin
24.
Loewi discovered that
______________ decreased heart rate
A) acetylcholine
B) epinephrine
C) serotonin
D) lack of electricity
25.
Opium and morphine are both
________ for endorphins
A) antagonists
B) agonists
C) reuptake blockers
D) precursors
26 Alzheimer’s disease is related to an
excessive loss of
A) A) glial cells
B) B) the myelin sheath
C) C) ACh neurons
D) D) the basal ganglia
27. Which of the following is true about
psychoactive drugs?
A) They may alter mood.
B) They may alter behavior.
C) They all have the potential to be
abused.
D) All of the above.
• 28.
For which of the following
have researchers developed the
most effective treatment with
fewest side-effects?
• A) Depression
• B) Schizophrenia
• C) Bipolar disorder
D)Mania
• 29. Which of the following has been
implicated as a contributing factor in the
development of schizophrenia.
• A. Dopamine overactivity
• B. Frontal lobe atrophy
• C. Limbic system overactivity
• D. All of the above
• 30. Which of the following is categorized
as an affective disorder?
• A. Schizophrenia
• B. Mania
• C. OCD
• D. PKU