Transcript Iodine Nutrition in the US

Iodine Nutrition
in the United States
William H. Dietz, MD, PhD
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Director, Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity
The Full Spectrum of
Iodine Deficiency
Cretinism
Goiter
Reduced intellectual
performance
The Full Spectrum of
Iodine Deficiency
Cretinism
Goiter
Reduced intellectual
performance
The Full Spectrum of
Iodine Deficiency
Cretinism
Goiter
Reduced intellectual performance
The network of connections are less dense
Iodine Sufficient Brain
Iodine Deficient Brain
Source: From Legrand, 1967.
Incidence of simple goiter among men
drafted for service in the US Army during
World War 1
Iodized Salt
in the US
Morton develops iodized
salt to help prevent
goiters, which were
common at the time.
The Food and Drug
Administration later
requests that the
product be labeled with
the message,
"This salt provides
iodide, a necessary
nutrient."
1924
Salt Iodization in the US:
Trend in Goiter Prevalence in Michigan
50
Percent
40
30
20
10
0
1924
1929
Year
WHO Monograph Series No. 44
1951
Iodine Supply to the Population
Salt
Producers
Salt
Production
Market
Wholesale
Retail
Traders
Outcome
Table
Salt
Customers
(Household)
Salt for
Food
Industry
Individual
Iodine Status
Iodine Supply to the Population
Salt
Producers
Salt
Production
Market
Wholesale
Retail
Traders
Outcome
Table
Salt
Customers
(Household)
Salt for
Food
Industry
Individual
Iodine Status
Other Iodine Sources
Dairy
Meat products
Red Food Dye
Bread
Trend in Iodine Nutrition in the US
35
UIE ug/dL
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1971-74
1988-94
NHANES
Iodine Supply to the Population
Salt
Producers
Salt
Production
Market
Wholesale
Retail
Traders
Outcome
Table
Salt
Customers
(Household)
Salt for
Food
Industry
Individual
Iodine Status
Other Iodine
Sources Dairy
Meat products
Red Food Dye
Bread
Monitoring the Impact of IDD
Elimination Overseas
• International Micronutrient Malnutrition Prevention
and Control (IMMPaCt) program working with
UNICEF/WHO/USAID and national Governments in
a number of countries
• Building capacity to obtain baseline data and
establish monitoring systems for process and
impact indicators for USI and iodine nutrition
• International Reference Laboratories for Iodine
(IRLI) network in formation
Iodine Supply to the Population
Salt
Producers
Salt
Production
Market
Wholesale
Retail
Traders
Outcome
Table
Salt
Customers
(Household)
Salt for
Food
Industry
Process
Monitoring
Individual
Iodine Status
Impact
Monitoring