Transcript Deprivation, Poverty and Public Health

Deprivation,
Poverty and
Public Health
Lucy Macleod, Interim Director of Public
Health
Life expectancy in rich countries is
no longer related to National Income per head
2
Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level
www.equalitytrust.org.uk
Life expectancy is strongly related to
income within rich countries
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Life expectancy (years)
79
78
77
76
75
74
73
72
71
70
Richest
Poorest
Local Neighbourhoods
(in England & Wales)
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Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level
www.equalitytrust.org.uk
Inequality...
How much richer are the richest 20% in
each country than the poorest 20%?
Income gaps
How many times
richer are the
richest fifth than
the poorest
fifth?
8.0
po
re
Sin
ga
ga
l
US
A
Po
r tu
UK
6.1 6.2
8.5
7.2
6.7 6.8 6.8 7.0
It a
ly
Isr
Ne
ae
l
w
Ze
ala
nd
Au
st r
ali
a
5.6 5.6 5.6 5.7
5.2 5.3
d
No
rw
ay
Sw
ed
en
De
nm
ar k
Be
l gi
um
Au
st r
ia
Ge
rm
an
Ne
y
t he
r la
nd
s
Sp
ai n
Fra
nc
e
Ca
na
da
Sw
izt
erl
an
d
Ir e
lan
d
Gr
ee
ce
lan
Fin
Ja
pa
n
4.6 4.8
4.3
3.9 4.0
3.7
3.4
9.7
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Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level
www.equalitytrust.org.uk
Neither health nor social problems are
related to national income per head
Index of health and social problems
Index of:
• Life expectancy
• Math & Literacy
• Infant mortality
• Homicides
• Imprisonment
• Teenage births
• Trust
• Obesity
• Mental illness
– incl. drug &
alcohol
addiction
• Social mobility
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Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level
www.equalitytrust.org.uk
Health and social problems are worse
in more unequal countries
Index of health and social problems
Index of:
• Life expectancy
• Math & Literacy
• Infant mortality
• Homicides
• Imprisonment
• Teenage births
• Trust
• Obesity
• Mental illness
– incl. drug &
alcohol
addiction
• Social mobility
6
Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level
www.equalitytrust.org.uk
The UNICEF Index of Child Wellbeing is not
related to National Income per head
7
Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level
www.equalitytrust.org.uk
Child well-being is better in more equal countries
8
Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level
www.equalitytrust.org.uk
Mental illness is more common in
more unequal societies
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Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level
www.equalitytrust.org.uk
Imprisonment rates are higher in
more unequal countries
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Wilkinson & Pickett, The Spirit Level
www.equalitytrust.org.uk
Impacts of Poverty
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•
•
•
•
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Restriction of choice
Disempowerment
Dignity and self respect
Marginalisation
Stigma
Biological
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Outcomes of Poverty
Poorer general health
Poorer mental health
Earlier disability
Earlier death
Health and wellbeing burden to
individuals and families
• Treatment and cost burden to society
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•
•
•
•
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Norfolk at Present
• About 11% of the population are in the most deprived
group in England
• Child poverty significantly higher than the national
average for Norwich and Great Yarmouth.
• Great Yarmouth has the highest inequality in child
poverty across Norfolk and Waveney (6.5% - 49%)
• Over a quarter of households in North Norfolk are
estimated to be fuel poor.
• Fuel poverty ranges from over 40% of households for an
area in West Norfolk to about 10% for an area in
Broadland.
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Long Term Unemployment in
Norfolk
Long Term Unemployment
December 2010 Dec 2011
Local Local
Worst Best
Breckland
10.6
1.5
Broadland
245
3.5
7.4
5.4
1.6
Great Yarmouth
655
11.7
7.4
35.0
2.7
King's Lynn and West Norfolk
490
6.2
7.4
16.4
1.4
North Norfolk
Norwich
265
5.1
7.4
8.3
2.7
995
10.0
7.4
17.9
2.5
South Norfolk
Waveney
250
3.6
7.4
6.4
0.9
470
7.2
7.4
25.3
2.0
Norfolk
3,270
6.5
7.4
35.0
0.9
England Average 7.4
Claimant count (rounded to the nearest 5) for Jobseekers Allowance, working age claiming for more than 12 months, crude rate per 1000 resident
working age population. Working age is defined as females aged 16 to 59 and males aged 16 to 64. Source: NOMIS
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Male Disability Free Life
Expectancy in Norfolk
Male Disability Free Life
Expectancy at Birth 1999 to
2003
Local
Worst
Norfolk and Waveney Range
Local
Best
Breckland
Broadland
Great Yarmouth
King's Lynn and West
Norfolk
North Norfolk
Norwich
South Norfolk
Waveney
59.1
65.9
62.8
68.0
50.2
64.5
52.7
66.6
59.5
66.5
53.6
67.1
64.1
68.0
54.9
65.4
Norfolk
50.2
68.0
England Av 61.7
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Other Measures
Measure
Norfolk Best
Norfolk Worst
England
Average
Male Life
Expectancy #
83.7
71.3
78.6
Female Life
Expectancy #
90.4
77.5
82.6
Male Deaths
under 75 *
151.5
695.4
345.5
Female Deaths
under 75*
97.8
428.1
219.5
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•
* 2008-10 DSR
# 2008-10
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Mitigation
• Equitable Provision
• Better access to support
• Coping strategies – reaffirmation of
humanity, empowerment, control
• Improved default
• Measuring, monitoring, engaging,
advocacy
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